Prescription Digital Therapeutics: The Future of Digital Health Solutions

Prescription Digital Therapeutics: The Future of Digital Health Solutions

by Ree AI Health Tech Med Tech

The global market for prescription digital therapeutics (PDT) is expected to grow to $17.16 billion by 2030. This growth is mainly due to the affordability of digital health technology for both healthcare providers and patients, as well as the increasing use of smartphones in both developed and developing countries.

In this article, we’ll describe PDT, its applications, benefits, and challenges.

Contents

What Are Prescription Digital Therapeutics?

Prescription digital therapeutics (PDTs) are a new class of medical interventions that leverage software to treat, manage, or prevent diseases and disorders. Unlike typical health apps, PDTs require a prescription from a healthcare provider and are subject to rigorous regulatory scrutiny.

According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), prescription digital therapeutics are medical devices, also called Software as a Medical Device (SaMD). The FDA review of prescription digital therapeutics is the same as the process the FDA uses to review medical devices. 

Definition and key characteristics of PDTs

PDTs are software-based treatments delivered through mobile devices, designed to address the behavioral and psychological aspects of various health conditions. These digital tools are developed based on scientific evidence and aim to provide therapeutic benefits comparable to traditional medical treatments (Phan et al., 2023). 

Source: Avalere

Examples of prescription digital therapeutics developers

This chart from Blue Matter Consulting (2023) lists 154 PDT companies.

Source: Blue Matter

How PDTs differ from wellness apps and other digital health tools

While wellness apps focus on general health and fitness, PDTs are designed to treat specific medical conditions. PDTs undergo clinical trials, and are subject to stringent regulatory processes to ensure they meet high standards of safety and effectiveness. This regulatory oversight differentiates PDTs from other digital health tools, which may not require such rigorous evaluation.

The PDT regulatory framework 

The FDA plays a critical role in the approval of PDTs. These therapeutics must demonstrate clinical efficacy and safety through rigorous trials before receiving FDA clearance. This process ensures that PDTs meet the same standards as traditional pharmaceuticals, providing healthcare providers and patients with confidence in their use (Phan et al., 2023).

The Science Behind Prescription Digital Therapeutics

PDTs are grounded in scientific research and evidence-based practices to ensure their effectiveness in treating various health conditions.

Evidence-based approaches used in PDTs

PDTs incorporate evidence-based approaches to help patients change their behaviors and manage symptoms effectively, such as: 

For instance, CBT-based PDTs can help identify and change negative thought patterns, improving mental health outcomes. A study on a PDT for opioid use disorder found it improved retention in treatment by 76% at 12 weeks compared to treatment as usual (Brezing & Brixner, 2022). 

Clinical trials and efficacy studies supporting PDTs

Lab worker

Clinical trials are essential for validating the efficacy of PDTs. These studies assess the therapeutic outcomes of PDTs compared to traditional treatments. 

For example, trials have shown PDTs can be effective in managing substance use disorders and chronic insomnia, providing real-world evidence of their clinical benefits (Brezing & Brixner, 2022).

Applications of Prescription Digital Therapeutics

PDTs offer promising solutions across a range of medical conditions, providing tailored interventions for diverse patient needs.

Mental health conditions

Therapist and patient talking on couch

PDTs are increasingly used to treat mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In a randomized controlled trial, a PDT for depression reduced symptoms by 45.6% compared to 17.4% with usual treatment (Phan et al., 2023).

These digital tools provide accessible and scalable interventions, often with CBT techniques to help patients manage symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Chronic diseases

For chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension, PDTs offer personalized management strategies. They enable continuous monitoring and data analysis, facilitating timely adjustments to treatment plans and improving patient outcomes (Phan et al., 2023).

A PDT for type 2 diabetes led to a 1.1% reduction in HbA1c levels after 6 months in a clinical trial (Phan et al., 2023).

Substance use disorders and addiction treatment

Woman sitting with hands clasped

PDTs are particularly effective in treating substance use disorders, offering structured programs that support recovery. They provide patients with tools to manage cravings and develop healthier coping mechanisms, contributing to sustained recovery. 

A couple of examples:

  • Research with 1,758 patients using a PDT for substance use disorder showed 64.1% abstinence at 12 months (Brezing & Brixner, 2022).
  • A PDT for alcohol use disorder resulted in 63% of patients reducing heavy drinking days compared to 32% receiving standard treatment (Rassi-Cruz et al., 2022).

Neurological disorders

Conditions such as ADHD and insomnia can benefit from PDTs, which offer targeted interventions to manage symptoms and improve daily functioning. For instance, PDTs for insomnia often include sleep hygiene education and relaxation techniques to enhance sleep quality.

Benefits of Prescription Digital Therapeutics

PDTs offer numerous advantages that enhance patient care and healthcare delivery.

Improved accessibility to treatment

PDTs make healthcare more accessible by providing treatments that can be delivered remotely via mobile devices. This is particularly beneficial for individuals in underserved areas or those with mobility challenges, ensuring they receive timely care.

Personalized and adaptive interventions

PDTs can be tailored to individual patient needs, offering adaptive interventions that evolve based on real-time data. This personalization enhances treatment effectiveness and patient satisfaction (Phan et al., 2023).

Real-time data collection and analysis

The ability to collect and analyze data in real-time allows healthcare providers to monitor patient progress continuously. PDTs can collect patient data continuously, providing 1440 data points per day compared to 1-4 from traditional in-person visits. This facilitates early detection of issues and enables proactive adjustments to treatment plans, improving overall outcomes (Phan et al., 2023).

Reduced healthcare costs

By providing effective and scalable interventions, PDTs have the potential to reduce healthcare costs. They can decrease the need for in-person visits and hospitalizations, making them a cost-effective alternative to traditional treatments. For example, an economic analysis estimated PDTs could save $2,150 per patient per year for opioid use disorder treatment (Brezing & Brixner, 2022).

Challenges and Limitations of PDTs

Despite their benefits, PDTs face several challenges that must be addressed to maximize their potential.

Doctor showing a patient an app in green

Federal regulation lags behind software development

Digital therapeutics (DTx) are mobile medical apps that use new tech like artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR). They’re always changing, with new versions coming out every few months, which makes them hard to regulate. 

DTx Products 2015-2021 with Regulatory Status

A problem with a DTx app could hurt someone’s health, so to keep DTx safe for consumers without stopping progress, software companies need to self-regulate–find ways to reduce risks and follow ethical rules on their own to help patients and build trust with their doctors.

One way to self-regulate is to involve clinicians in app development. Doctors know what patients need and can spot potential problems. But surprisingly, most health apps are made without input from medical experts. A study found only 20% of health apps included input from health professionals during development (Rassi-Cruz et al., 2022). 

Data privacy and security concerns

The collection and storage of sensitive health data raise significant privacy and security concerns. Ensuring robust data protection measures is crucial to maintaining patient trust and compliance with regulations (Phan et al., 2023).

Integration with existing healthcare systems

Integrating PDTs into existing healthcare infrastructures can be complex. Seamless integration is necessary to ensure that PDTs complement traditional treatments and fit within the broader healthcare ecosystem.

Patient adherence and engagement

Black man using his blood pressure monitor at home

Maintaining patient engagement with PDTs can be challenging. 

For example, take mental health apps that use CBT or provide feedback through wearables like smartwatches. While helpful, these apps often aren’t covered by insurance, and patients may pay out-of-pocket. They often give up if they don’t see quick results. 

Ensuring that patients adhere to prescribed digital therapies is essential for achieving desired outcomes, requiring strategies to enhance motivation and commitment. Pharmacists can help by encouraging patients to stick with the apps and complete all modules (Pharmacy Times, 2024).

Reimbursement and insurance coverage issues

Securing reimbursement for PDTs remains a hurdle, as insurance companies may be hesitant to cover these relatively new treatments. Establishing clear guidelines and demonstrating cost-effectiveness may help overcome this barrier.

The Future of Prescription Digital Therapeutics

The future of PDTs is promising, with advancements in technology and expanding applications poised to enhance their impact on healthcare.

overlay with doctor and pill bottle

Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning are set to revolutionize PDTs. These innovations can enhance personalization and predictive capabilities, improving treatment outcomes and patient experiences.

Potential for combination therapies

Combining PDTs with traditional treatments offers a holistic approach to healthcare. This synergy can enhance therapeutic outcomes by addressing multiple aspects of a patient’s condition, providing comprehensive care (Phan et al., 2023).

Expanding applications in preventive care and wellness

PDTs hold potential for preventive care by identifying and addressing health risks early. Their application in wellness can promote healthier lifestyles and prevent the onset of chronic diseases, contributing to improved public health.

Conclusion

In digital health, PDTs offer promising avenues for improving patient outcomes, increasing access to care, and potentially reducing healthcare costs. While challenges remain, the growing body of evidence supporting PDTs suggests that they will play an increasingly important role in the future of healthcare delivery. 

As patients, healthcare providers, and policymakers alike embrace these innovative tools, we can look forward to a more personalized, accessible, and effective approach to managing a wide range of health conditions.

References

Bashran, E. (2024). Prescription Digital Therapeutics: Devices. HealthAffairs. Retrieved from

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2024.00159

Brezing, C. A., & Brixner, D. I. (2022). The Rise of Prescription Digital Therapeutics In Behavioral Health. Journal of Behavioral Health; 11(4), 1-10. doi: 10.1007/s12325-022-02320-0 

Global Prescription Digital Therapeutics (PDTx) Market – Industry Trends and Forecast to 2030. (2023). Data Bridge Market Research. Retrieved from https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-prescription-digital-therapeutics-dtx-market

Liesch, J., Volgina, D. Nessim, C., Murphy, D., & Samson, C. (2023). Blue Matter Consulting. Retrieved from https://bluematterconsulting.com/prescription-digital-therapeutics-us-market-outlook-2023/

Phan, P., Mitragotri, S., & Zhao, Z. (2023). Digital therapeutics in the clinic. Bioengineering & Translational Medicine; 8(4), e10536. doi:10.1002/btm2.10536. 

Prescription Digital Therapeutics Bring New Treatments to Healthcare. (2021). Avalere Health. Retrieved from https://avalere.com/insights/prescription-digital-therapeutics-bring-new-treatments-to-healthcare

Prescription Digital Therapeutics for Mental Health: Effectiveness, Challenges, and Future Trends. (2024). Pharmacy Times. Retrieved from https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/prescription-digital-therapeutics-for-mental-health-effectiveness-challenges-and-future-trends

Rassi-Cruz, M., Valente, F., & Caniza, M. V. (2022). Digital therapeutics and the need for regulation: How to develop products that are innovative, patient-centric and safe. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome; 14. doi.org/10.1186/s13098-022-00818-9 

Wang, C. Lee, C. & Shin, H. (2023). Digital therapeutics from bench to bedside. npj Digital Medicine; 6(1), 1-10. doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00777-z

Telehealth Mental Health Therapy: A Comprehensive Guide

Telehealth Mental Health Therapy: A Comprehensive Guide

by Ree AI Health Tech Med Tech

Telehealth mental health therapy has become increasingly popular, offering a convenient and accessible way for people to receive mental health support. This article will explore the world of online therapy, its benefits, challenges, and best practices for both providers and patients.

Contents

What is Telehealth Mental Health Therapy?

Telehealth mental health therapy (also known as telemental health, teletherapy, telepsychiatry, or online therapy) is the delivery of mental health services through digital platforms. It allows patients to connect with licensed mental health professionals remotely using video conferencing, phone calls, or text-based communication.

Definition and key components of telehealth mental health therapy

Woman in green sweater talking to doctor on Zoom

Telehealth therapy encompasses a wide range of mental health services provided through technology. The key components include:

  • Video conferencing sessions

  • Phone therapy sessions

  • Text-based therapy

  • Online mental health assessments

  • Digital tools and resources for mental health management

Types of mental health services offered via telehealth

Telehealth platforms offer various mental health services, including:

  • Individual therapy

  • Couples counseling

  • Group therapy

  • Psychiatry and medication management

  • Crisis intervention

85% of mental health providers offered telehealth services during the COVID-19 pandemic, with many saying they’d continue offering them services in the future (Pierce et al., 2021).

In an AAP study, 85% of pediatricians said they use telehealth for mental health visits, and over 80% of them said telehealth was very or moderately effective for mental health visits.

Platforms and technologies used for online therapy sessions

Several platforms and technologies are used to facilitate online therapy sessions:

  • HIPAA-compliant video conferencing software (Zoom for Healthcare, Doxy.me)

  • Secure messaging platforms

  • Mobile apps for mental health support

  • Virtual reality (VR) platforms for exposure therapy

For examples of how some organizations have successfully used telehealth in treatment programs for people experiencing homelessness, substance abuse disorders and mental disorders, review Chapter 4, “Examples of Telehealth Implementation in Treatment Programs from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). 

Benefits of Online Mental Health Support

Telehealth mental health therapy offers numerous advantages over traditional in-person therapy.

Improved accessibility for rural and underserved populations

Telehealth therapy greatly improves access to mental health care for people in remote or underserved areas.

A 2024 study noted that many health providers had reduced no-show rates for behavioral health, and increased patient adherence to recommended behavioral health visits. One reason why is the potential for telehealth to mitigate anxieties that can surround in-person visits (Azar et al., 2024).

Lin et al (2018) found that health centers located in rural areas were more likely to use telehealth for mental health care, compared to those in urban areas.

A 2019 study found that telehealth significantly improved access to mental health care for rural populations, with a 45% increase in utilization of mental health services (Barnett et al., 2019).

Flexibility in scheduling and location

Online therapy allows for greater flexibility in scheduling appointments and choosing a comfortable location for sessions, which is beneficial for:

  • People with busy work schedules

  • Parents with childcare responsibilities

  • Individuals with mobility issues or disabilities

Less stigma 

Telehealth therapy can help reduce the stigma associated with seeking mental health support. Allowing patients to receive care from the privacy of their own homes removes the potential embarrassment of being seen entering a therapist’s office.

Cost-effectiveness compared to traditional therapy

Online therapy can be more cost-effective than traditional in-person therapy. A 2020 study found that telehealth mental health services were about 53% less expensive than in-person services (Lattie et al., 2020).

Challenges and Limitations of Telehealth Therapy

While telehealth therapy offers many benefits, it also comes with its own set of challenges and limitations.

Software and internet connectivity issues

One of the most common challenges in telehealth therapy is technical difficulties. These can include:

  • Poor internet connection

  • Audio or video quality issues

  • Software glitches

Younger generations tend to find virtual doctor visits easier than older generations. In any case, minimize these issues with a backup plan, like switching to a phone call if video conferencing fails.

Privacy and confidentiality concerns

Ensuring privacy and confidentiality in online therapy sessions is crucial. Therapists must use HIPAA-compliant platforms and take steps to protect patient information. patients should also be aware of their surroundings and ensure they have a private space for sessions.

Difficulty reading non-verbal cues

In video therapy sessions, it can be challenging for therapists to pick up on subtle non-verbal cues that might be more apparent in person. 68% of therapists reported difficulty in observing non-verbal communication during online sessions (Stoll et al., 2018).

Limitations for certain types of therapy or severe mental health conditions

While telehealth therapy is effective for many mental health conditions, it may not be suitable for all situations. Some limitations include:

  • Severe mental health conditions requiring in-person monitoring

  • Certain types of group therapy

  • Some forms of play therapy for children

How to Choose a Telehealth Mental Health Provider

If you’re considering telehealth therapy, here’s what to look for when selecting a provider for the best therapy experience.

Licenses and credentials

When choosing a telehealth therapist:

  • Verify the therapist’s license and credentials

  • Check if they are licensed to practice in your state

  • Look for specialized training in telehealth therapy

Platforms and security measures

Ensure that the therapist uses a secure, HIPAA-compliant platform for sessions. Ask about their privacy policies and data protection measures.

Insurance coverage and payment options

Check if your insurance covers telehealth therapy services. Many insurance providers have expanded their coverage for online mental health support in recent years. The Kaiser Family Foundation’s 2023 Employer Health Benefits Survey found that 91% of large employers included telehealth coverage in their health plans.

Assessing the fit between therapist and patient in a virtual setting

Finding the right therapist is crucial for successful therapy. Consider:

  • The therapist’s areas of expertise

  • Their approach to therapy

  • Your comfort level during initial consultations

Many telehealth platforms offer free initial consultations to help you find the right fit.

Best Practices for Effective Telehealth Therapy Sessions

To get the most out of telehealth therapy, therapists and patients should follow certain best practices.

Older woman using tablet

Set SOPs

Before starting telehealth services, the American Psychiatric Association recommends that providers assess their needs for training, space, and types of services. Organizations offering online mental health care should create standard procedures (SOPs), including quality improvement plans and ways to document provider credentials. 

Create a suitable environment for online sessions

Set up a quiet, private space for therapy sessions. This might include:

  • Using headphones for better audio quality and privacy

  • Ensuring good lighting for video sessions

  • Minimizing potential distractions

Prepare your tech and make backup plans

Before each session:

  • Test your internet connection

  • Ensure your device is fully charged

  • Have a backup plan (e.g., phone number) in case of technical issues

Establish rapport and trust

The American Psychological Association recommends developing a standard method for identifying both patients and providers at the start of each session. This could involve the provider stating their name and credentials, and asking the patient to provide their name and location. These guidelines help ensure professional and effective telehealth mental health services (Palmer et al., 2022).

Building a strong therapeutic relationship is just as important in online therapy as it is in person. Therapists should:

  • Use active listening techniques

  • Maintain eye contact by looking at the camera

  • Encourage open communication about the online therapy experience

Do therapy exercises and homework remotely

Woman touching cell phone with pink fingernails

Many therapeutic techniques can be adapted for online sessions. This might include:

  • Screen sharing for worksheets or educational materials

  • Using online tools for mood tracking or journaling

  • Assigning and reviewing homework through secure messaging platforms

A 2020 study found that 89% of patients were satisfied with their online therapy experience when therapists effectively adapted their techniques for the virtual setting (Wind et al., 2020).

Carry malpractice insurance

The American Telemedicine Association recommends telehealth providers to get malpractice insurance that covers online therapy (Palmer et al, 2022). 

When providing behavioral health care via telehealth, consult the American Psychological Association and American Psychiatric Association standards of care to ensure you’re providing ethical, quality care (Palmer et al., 2022).

The Future of Telehealth in Mental Health Care

The field of telehealth mental health therapy is rapidly evolving, with exciting developments on the horizon.

Some emerging trends in telehealth mental health care include:

  • AI-powered chatbots for initial assessments and support

  • VR therapy to treat phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

  • Wearable devices for real-time mood and stress monitoring

Integration with traditional therapy models

Many mental health providers are adopting a hybrid model, combining in-person and online therapy sessions. This approach allows for greater flexibility and personalization of care.

Potential for AI and machine learning in mental health support

AI and machine learning can revolutionize mental health care by:

  • Analyzing patterns in speech and facial expressions to detect early signs of mental health issues

  • Providing personalized treatment recommendations based on large datasets

  • Offering 24/7 support through AI-powered chatbots

Ongoing research and development in the field

Researchers continue to study the effectiveness of telehealth therapy and develop new technologies to improve mental health care. A 2022 meta-analysis of 56 studies found that telehealth therapy was as effective as in-person therapy for treating a wide range of mental health conditions (Fernandez et al., 2022).

Conclusion 

Telehealth mental health therapy can be a convenient, effective, and accessible way to access mental health support, especially in rural and underserved areas.

Whether you’re considering online therapy, or just curious about its potential, the growth of telehealth mental health services marks an exciting development in the field of mental health care. Take the first step towards better mental health today by exploring the telehealth options available to you.

References

AAP Research. (2023). AAP study shows telehealth use common in pediatric care. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Retrieved from https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/23772/AAP-study-shows-telehealth-use-common-in-pediatric

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Best Practices in Synchronous Videoconferencing-Based Telemental Health. Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/getattachment/b87211d5-81bb-4d4f-af73-9caa738c2a1c/Resource-Document-Telemental-Health-Best-Practices.pdf/

Azar, R., Chan, R., Sarkisian, M., Burns, R. D., Marcin, J. P. , Gotthardt, C. De Guzman, K. R., Rosenthal, J. L., & Haynes, S. C. (2024). Adapting telehealth to address health equity: Perspectives of primary care providers across the United States. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare; 1-7. doi:10.1177/1357633X241238780

Barnett, M. L., Ray, K. N., Souza, J., & Mehrotra, A. (2019). Trends in Telemedicine Use in a Large Commercially Insured Population, 2005-2017. JAMA; 320(20), 2147-2149.

Berger, E. (2021). No-Cancel Culture: How Telehealth is Making it Easier to Keep That Therapy Session. Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) Health News. Retrieved from https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/no-cancel-culture-how-telehealth-is-making-it-easier-to-keep-that-therapy-session/

Dr. Josh. The Impact of Telemedicine on Mental Health. SmartClinix. Retrieved from https://smartclinix.net/the-impact-of-telemedicine-on-mental-health/

Fernandez, E., Woldgabreal, Y., Day, A., Pham, T., Gleich, B., & Aboujaoude, E. (2022). Live psychotherapy by video versus in-person: A meta-analysis of efficacy and its relationship to types and targets of treatment. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy; 29(4), 1307-1321.

How do I use telehealth for behavioral health care? (n.d.). Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA). Retrieved from  https://telehealth.hhs.gov/patients/additional-resources/telehealth-and-behavioral-health

Kaiser Family Foundation. (2023). 2023 Employer Health Benefits Survey. Retrieved from https://www.kff.org/report-section/ehbs-2023-summary-of-findings/

Lattie, E. G., Adkins, E. C., Winquist, N., Stiles-Shields, C., Wafford, Q. E., & Graham, A. K. (2020). Digital Mental Health Interventions for Depression, Anxiety, and Enhancement of Psychological Well-Being Among College Students: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research; 22(7), e15396.

Lin, C. C., Dievler, A. , Robbins, C., Sripipatana, A., Quinn, M. & Nair, S. (2018). Telehealth in Health Centers: Key Adoption Factors, Barriers, and Opportunities. Retrieved from https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05125

Macmillan, C. (2021). Why Telehealth for Mental Health Care is Working. Yale Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/telehealth-for-mental-health/

Palmer, C. S., Brown Levey, S. M., Kostiuk, M., Zisner, A. R., Tolle, L. W., Richey, R. M., & Callan, S. (2022). Virtual Care for Behavioral Health Conditions. Primary Care; 49(4), 641-657. doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2022.04.008

Pierce, B. S., Perrin, P. B., Tyler, C. M., McKee, G. B., & Watson, J. D. (2021). The COVID-19 telepsychology revolution: A national study of pandemic-based changes in U.S. mental health care delivery. American Psychologist; 76(1), 14–25.

Stoll, J., Müller, J. A., & Trachsel, M. (2018). Ethical Issues in Online Psychotherapy: A Narrative Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 698.

Telehealth for the Treatment of Serious Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders. (2021). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Retrieved from https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/pep21-06-02-001.pdf

Telehealth in Mental Health Counseling: Benefits and Barriers. (2023). Walsh University. Retrieved from https://online.walsh.edu/news/telehealth-mental-health-benefits-barriers/

What is Telemental Health? (n.d.). National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/what-is-telemental-health

Wind, T. R., Rijkeboer, M., Andersson, G., & Riper, H. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: The ‘black swan’ for mental health care and a turning point for e-health. Internet Interventions; 20, 100317.

Pediatric Telehealth: Bringing Expert Care to Kids at Home

Pediatric Telehealth: Bringing Expert Care to Kids at Home

by Ree AI Health Tech

Pediatric telehealth, the practice of providing medical care to kids remotely, is becoming more popular each year. A survey by Amwell and Nemours Children’s Health found that 61% of parents were willing to use online pediatric services. 

This article discusses the benefits, challenges, and ways telehealth for children can improve pediatric care.

Contents

What is Pediatric Telehealth?

Pediatric telehealth uses digital technology to deliver healthcare services to children. Healthcare providers can use video calls, secure messaging, and mobile health apps to offer medical consultations, diagnoses, and treatments remotely (Tully et al., 2021). 

Pediatric telehealth includes various services like virtual doctor visits, e-prescriptions, and remote monitoring. It aims to make healthcare more accessible and convenient for children and their families, especially those living in rural or underserved areas (Hall et al., 2015).

Pediatric telehealth service types 

Doctor talking to parent and child on laptop

Pediatric telehealth offers various services, such as:

  • Virtual doctor visits: These include urgent care, routine check-ups, follow-up appointments, and consultations for minor illnesses or injuries.

  • Mental health services: Telehealth provides access to pediatric psychology and behavioral health support, which is crucial to address mental health issues in children.

  • Chronic condition management: With telehealth, conditions like asthma, diabetes, and gastrointestinal issues can be monitored and managed remotely.

  • Specialty care: Pediatric specialties such as endocrinology, dermatology, and neurology can be accessed through telehealth, allowing families to consult specialists without traveling long distances.

Primary care pediatricians report using telehealth for sick visits (91%), mental health visits (85%), and chronic disease visits (71%). Over 80% of pediatricians reported telehealth was very effective or moderately effective for mental health and chronic disease visits.

Technologies used for pediatric telehealth

The technologies that enable pediatric telehealth include:

  • Video conferencing tools: Platforms like Zoom or Skype facilitate face-to-face interactions between healthcare providers and patients.

  • Secure messaging: This allows for confidential communication between families and healthcare providers.

  • Remote monitoring devices: Wearable devices and home monitoring tools help track vital signs and other health metrics.

  • Mobile health apps: These apps provide educational resources, appointment scheduling, and medication reminders.

Benefits of Telehealth for Kids and Families

Woman and baby looking at tablet

Pediatric telehealth offers numerous advantages for children and their families, making healthcare more accessible and efficient.

Convenience and accessibility

Telehealth provides the convenience of accessing healthcare services from home, eliminating the need for travel. This is particularly beneficial for families with busy schedules or those living in remote areas. It also reduces the time spent in waiting rooms, minimizing exposure to illnesses.

Access to specialists

Telehealth can bridge the gap between families and pediatric specialists, regardless of their geographic location. This is crucial for children requiring specialized care, such as pediatric oncology or neurology, where specialists may not be available in their area (Casey Family Programs, 2024).

Cost-effectiveness and time savings

By reducing travel expenses and time off work or school, telehealth can be more cost-effective for families. It also alleviates the burden of transportation, which can be a huge barrier for some families.

Common Pediatric Conditions Treated via Telehealth

Telehealth is effective for managing a variety of pediatric conditions, offering a practical solution for acute and chronic health issues. Some pediatric services are better for telehealth than others:

  • Virtual Visits: Best for mental health, behavioral and developmental concerns, headaches, and skin conditions.

  • In-Person Visits: Best for newborn and well-child checkups, immunizations, and asthma. Also important for illnesses that require a test or an exam for an official diagnosis. 

Let’s go over the ideal conditions for pediatric virtual visits.

Minor illnesses and injuries

A child with a scraped knee closeup

Telehealth can address common childhood ailments such as fevers, rashes, respiratory infections, and minor injuries like cuts and bruises. Virtual doctor visits allow healthcare providers to assess symptoms and recommend treatment without an in-person visit.

Mental health and behavioral issues

About 16.5% of people under age 18 have experienced at least one mental health condition, with depression, anxiety, and conduct problems being among the most prevalent. The rates of depression and anxiety among teens have shown an upward trend over time, amplified by the pandemic (Vanderwood et al., 2023). 

Telehealth has become an essential tool for delivering mental health services to children. It provides a platform for therapy sessions and behavioral assessments, which are crucial for managing conditions like anxiety and depression.

Collaborative care and telehealth

Collaborative care is when primary care doctors work closely with mental health experts to help patients. One study by JG Research & Evaluation and Concert Health looked at how well collaborative care delivered via telehealth works for treating depression and anxiety in teenagers. They found that over half of the teens in this study saw their symptoms improve.

More frequent check-ins with the teens led to better results, especially for those with anxiety. Researchers also noticed that older teens tended to do better with this treatment, possibly because they can engage more easily with phone-based (audio-only) care and learn coping skills better.

One notable finding was that Medicaid patients were less likely to see big improvements in their depression symptoms compared to those with private insurance. This suggests that Medicaid patients may need extra support.

Chronic disease management

Mother with sick child on couch and red laptop - pediatric telehealth

Children with chronic conditions like asthma, epilepsy, or diabetes can benefit from telehealth through regular monitoring and consultations. This ensures continuous care and timely adjustments to treatment plans.

Follow-up appointments and medication reviews

Telehealth simplifies follow-up care by allowing healthcare providers to review medications and treatment progress remotely. This is especially useful for children requiring ongoing medical supervision.

Challenges and Limitations of Pediatric Telehealth

Despite its benefits, pediatric telehealth faces several challenges that must be addressed to ensure that providers can implement it effectively.

Technology barriers and digital divide

Man at laptop with head in hands

Access to reliable internet and digital devices is essential for telehealth, but not all families have this available to them (Curfman et al., 2022). The digital divide can hinder the effectiveness of telehealth services, particularly in rural or low-income areas.

Difficulty performing physical examinations

Telehealth limits the ability to conduct thorough physical exams, which are sometimes necessary for accurate diagnosis. This is a big drawback for certain medical conditions (Tully et al., 2021).

Privacy and security concerns

Ensuring the privacy and security of patient data is crucial in telehealth. If you have concerns about the confidentiality of your health information when using digital platforms, check that your provider’s telehealth platform is HIPAA-compliant.

Insurance coverage and reimbursement complexities

Understanding insurance coverage for telehealth services can be difficult and complex, with varying policies on reimbursement. This can affect how affordable and accessible telehealth is for some families (Tully et al., 2021).

How to Prepare for a Pediatric Telehealth Visit

Families should get ready for their child’s telehealth appointment with the following steps.

A girl and her mom using red laptop

Setting up the tech

Ensure that the necessary technology, such as a computer or smartphone with a camera and microphone, is set up and functioning properly. Test the internet connection to avoid disruptions during the appointment.

Gather medical information

Prepare any relevant medical records, such as previous diagnoses, medication lists, and recent test results, to share with the healthcare provider during the consultation.

Create the ideal environment

Choose a quiet, private, and well-lit area for the telehealth visit to facilitate clear communication and minimize distractions.

Tips to keep children engaged

Engage children by explaining the purpose of the telehealth visit and involving them in the process. Having a favorite toy or book nearby can help keep them calm and focused during the appointment.

The Future of Telehealth in Pediatric Care

The future of pediatric telehealth looks promising, with advancements in technology and increased integration into healthcare systems.

Up-and-coming technologies

Innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), and advanced wearable devices are expected to enhance telehealth services, making them more interactive and effective.

Integration with school health services

School nurse treating a girl

Telehealth can be integrated into school health programs, providing students with access to medical care without leaving the school premises. This can improve health outcomes and reduce absenteeism (Curfman et al., 2022).

Potential for improving healthcare equity

Telehealth has the potential to improve healthcare equity by providing underserved populations with access to quality care. This is particularly important for children in rural or low-income areas.

Ongoing research and development

Continuous research and development in telehealth will likely lead to new applications and improvements in service delivery, ensuring that pediatric telehealth remains a vital component of children’s healthcare.

Conclusion

Pediatric telehealth is more than just a convenient option—it’s a powerful tool that’s expanding access to quality healthcare for children everywhere. While challenges remain, the benefits of virtual care for kids are clear: increased access to specialists, reduced healthcare costs, and improved convenience for families. 

For parents and healthcare providers alike, embracing digital solutions like telehealth can mean healthier, happier kids and more empowered families. 

The future of children’s healthcare is here, and it’s just a screen away.

References

AAP Research. (2023). AAP study shows telehealth use common in pediatric care. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Retrieved from https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/23772/AAP-study-shows-telehealth-use-common-in-pediatric

Hall, R. W., TELEHEALTH CARE, S. O., Dehnel, P. J., Alexander, J. J., Bell, D. M., Bunik, M., & Kile, J. R. (2015). Technical Report: Telemedicine: Pediatric Applications. Pediatrics; 136(1), e293. doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-1517

How can child protection agencies use telehealth to increase service access for children and families? (2024). Casey Family Programs. Retrieved from https://www.casey.org/telehealth-child-welfare/

LaMarco, N. (2024). What Conditions Can a Pediatrician Treat with Telehealth? Healthgrades. Retrieved from https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/childrens-health/10-childrens-conditions-that-can-be-treated-in-a-telehealth-visit

Minimizing Telehealth Technology Barriers in Rural and Underserved Communities. (n.d.). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Retrieved from https://www.aap.org/en/practice-management/care-delivery-approaches/telehealth/minimizing-telehealth-technology-barriers-in-rural-and-underserved-communities/

Telehealth: Opportunities to Improve Access, Quality, and Cost in Pediatric Care. (2022). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Retrieved from  https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/149/3/e2021056035/184902/Telehealth-Opportunities-to-Improve-Access-Quality

Telehealth appointment or in-person primary care? How to choose the best option for you. (n.d.). HealthPartners. Retrieved from https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/when-to-use-telemedicine

Telehealth Virtual Care Services Bring Future of Health Care to Every Child Pediatrics. (n.d.). Every Child Pediatrics. Retrieved from https://everychildpediatrics.org/telehealth-virtual-care-services-bring-future-of-health-care-to-every-child-pediatrics/

Survey Finds Majority of Parents Willing to Engage in Telehealth Post-COVID. (2021). Nemours Children’s Health. Retrieved from https://nemours.mediaroom.com/2021-07-28-Survey-Finds-Majority-of-Parents-Willing-to-Engage-in-Telehealth-Post-COVID

Tully, L., Case, L., Arthurs, N., Sorensen, J., & Marcin, J. P. (2021). Barriers and Facilitators for Implementing Pediatric Telemedicine: Rapid Review of User Perspectives. Frontiers in Pediatrics; 9. doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.630365

Vanderwood, K., Joyner, J., & Little, V. (2023). The effectiveness of collaborative care delivered via telehealth in a pediatric primary care population. Frontiers in Psychiatry; 14, 1240902. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1240902