Prescription Digital Therapeutics: The Future of Digital Health Solutions

Prescription Digital Therapeutics: The Future of Digital Health Solutions

by Ree AI Health Tech Med Tech

The global market for prescription digital therapeutics (PDT) is expected to grow to $17.16 billion by 2030. This growth is mainly due to the affordability of digital health technology for both healthcare providers and patients, as well as the increasing use of smartphones in both developed and developing countries.

In this article, we’ll describe PDT, its applications, benefits, and challenges.

Contents

What Are Prescription Digital Therapeutics?

Prescription digital therapeutics (PDTs) are a new class of medical interventions that leverage software to treat, manage, or prevent diseases and disorders. Unlike typical health apps, PDTs require a prescription from a healthcare provider and are subject to rigorous regulatory scrutiny.

According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), prescription digital therapeutics are medical devices, also called Software as a Medical Device (SaMD). The FDA review of prescription digital therapeutics is the same as the process the FDA uses to review medical devices. 

Definition and key characteristics of PDTs

PDTs are software-based treatments delivered through mobile devices, designed to address the behavioral and psychological aspects of various health conditions. These digital tools are developed based on scientific evidence and aim to provide therapeutic benefits comparable to traditional medical treatments (Phan et al., 2023). 

Source: Avalere

Examples of prescription digital therapeutics developers

This chart from Blue Matter Consulting (2023) lists 154 PDT companies.

Source: Blue Matter

How PDTs differ from wellness apps and other digital health tools

While wellness apps focus on general health and fitness, PDTs are designed to treat specific medical conditions. PDTs undergo clinical trials, and are subject to stringent regulatory processes to ensure they meet high standards of safety and effectiveness. This regulatory oversight differentiates PDTs from other digital health tools, which may not require such rigorous evaluation.

The PDT regulatory framework 

The FDA plays a critical role in the approval of PDTs. These therapeutics must demonstrate clinical efficacy and safety through rigorous trials before receiving FDA clearance. This process ensures that PDTs meet the same standards as traditional pharmaceuticals, providing healthcare providers and patients with confidence in their use (Phan et al., 2023).

The Science Behind Prescription Digital Therapeutics

PDTs are grounded in scientific research and evidence-based practices to ensure their effectiveness in treating various health conditions.

Evidence-based approaches used in PDTs

PDTs incorporate evidence-based approaches to help patients change their behaviors and manage symptoms effectively, such as: 

For instance, CBT-based PDTs can help identify and change negative thought patterns, improving mental health outcomes. A study on a PDT for opioid use disorder found it improved retention in treatment by 76% at 12 weeks compared to treatment as usual (Brezing & Brixner, 2022). 

Clinical trials and efficacy studies supporting PDTs

Lab worker

Clinical trials are essential for validating the efficacy of PDTs. These studies assess the therapeutic outcomes of PDTs compared to traditional treatments. 

For example, trials have shown PDTs can be effective in managing substance use disorders and chronic insomnia, providing real-world evidence of their clinical benefits (Brezing & Brixner, 2022).

Applications of Prescription Digital Therapeutics

PDTs offer promising solutions across a range of medical conditions, providing tailored interventions for diverse patient needs.

Mental health conditions

Therapist and patient talking on couch

PDTs are increasingly used to treat mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In a randomized controlled trial, a PDT for depression reduced symptoms by 45.6% compared to 17.4% with usual treatment (Phan et al., 2023).

These digital tools provide accessible and scalable interventions, often with CBT techniques to help patients manage symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Chronic diseases

For chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension, PDTs offer personalized management strategies. They enable continuous monitoring and data analysis, facilitating timely adjustments to treatment plans and improving patient outcomes (Phan et al., 2023).

A PDT for type 2 diabetes led to a 1.1% reduction in HbA1c levels after 6 months in a clinical trial (Phan et al., 2023).

Substance use disorders and addiction treatment

Woman sitting with hands clasped

PDTs are particularly effective in treating substance use disorders, offering structured programs that support recovery. They provide patients with tools to manage cravings and develop healthier coping mechanisms, contributing to sustained recovery. 

A couple of examples:

  • Research with 1,758 patients using a PDT for substance use disorder showed 64.1% abstinence at 12 months (Brezing & Brixner, 2022).
  • A PDT for alcohol use disorder resulted in 63% of patients reducing heavy drinking days compared to 32% receiving standard treatment (Rassi-Cruz et al., 2022).

Neurological disorders

Conditions such as ADHD and insomnia can benefit from PDTs, which offer targeted interventions to manage symptoms and improve daily functioning. For instance, PDTs for insomnia often include sleep hygiene education and relaxation techniques to enhance sleep quality.

Benefits of Prescription Digital Therapeutics

PDTs offer numerous advantages that enhance patient care and healthcare delivery.

Improved accessibility to treatment

PDTs make healthcare more accessible by providing treatments that can be delivered remotely via mobile devices. This is particularly beneficial for individuals in underserved areas or those with mobility challenges, ensuring they receive timely care.

Personalized and adaptive interventions

PDTs can be tailored to individual patient needs, offering adaptive interventions that evolve based on real-time data. This personalization enhances treatment effectiveness and patient satisfaction (Phan et al., 2023).

Real-time data collection and analysis

The ability to collect and analyze data in real-time allows healthcare providers to monitor patient progress continuously. PDTs can collect patient data continuously, providing 1440 data points per day compared to 1-4 from traditional in-person visits. This facilitates early detection of issues and enables proactive adjustments to treatment plans, improving overall outcomes (Phan et al., 2023).

Reduced healthcare costs

By providing effective and scalable interventions, PDTs have the potential to reduce healthcare costs. They can decrease the need for in-person visits and hospitalizations, making them a cost-effective alternative to traditional treatments. For example, an economic analysis estimated PDTs could save $2,150 per patient per year for opioid use disorder treatment (Brezing & Brixner, 2022).

Challenges and Limitations of PDTs

Despite their benefits, PDTs face several challenges that must be addressed to maximize their potential.

Doctor showing a patient an app in green

Federal regulation lags behind software development

Digital therapeutics (DTx) are mobile medical apps that use new tech like artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR). They’re always changing, with new versions coming out every few months, which makes them hard to regulate. 

DTx Products 2015-2021 with Regulatory Status

A problem with a DTx app could hurt someone’s health, so to keep DTx safe for consumers without stopping progress, software companies need to self-regulate–find ways to reduce risks and follow ethical rules on their own to help patients and build trust with their doctors.

One way to self-regulate is to involve clinicians in app development. Doctors know what patients need and can spot potential problems. But surprisingly, most health apps are made without input from medical experts. A study found only 20% of health apps included input from health professionals during development (Rassi-Cruz et al., 2022). 

Data privacy and security concerns

The collection and storage of sensitive health data raise significant privacy and security concerns. Ensuring robust data protection measures is crucial to maintaining patient trust and compliance with regulations (Phan et al., 2023).

Integration with existing healthcare systems

Integrating PDTs into existing healthcare infrastructures can be complex. Seamless integration is necessary to ensure that PDTs complement traditional treatments and fit within the broader healthcare ecosystem.

Patient adherence and engagement

Black man using his blood pressure monitor at home

Maintaining patient engagement with PDTs can be challenging. 

For example, take mental health apps that use CBT or provide feedback through wearables like smartwatches. While helpful, these apps often aren’t covered by insurance, and patients may pay out-of-pocket. They often give up if they don’t see quick results. 

Ensuring that patients adhere to prescribed digital therapies is essential for achieving desired outcomes, requiring strategies to enhance motivation and commitment. Pharmacists can help by encouraging patients to stick with the apps and complete all modules (Pharmacy Times, 2024).

Reimbursement and insurance coverage issues

Securing reimbursement for PDTs remains a hurdle, as insurance companies may be hesitant to cover these relatively new treatments. Establishing clear guidelines and demonstrating cost-effectiveness may help overcome this barrier.

The Future of Prescription Digital Therapeutics

The future of PDTs is promising, with advancements in technology and expanding applications poised to enhance their impact on healthcare.

overlay with doctor and pill bottle

Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning are set to revolutionize PDTs. These innovations can enhance personalization and predictive capabilities, improving treatment outcomes and patient experiences.

Potential for combination therapies

Combining PDTs with traditional treatments offers a holistic approach to healthcare. This synergy can enhance therapeutic outcomes by addressing multiple aspects of a patient’s condition, providing comprehensive care (Phan et al., 2023).

Expanding applications in preventive care and wellness

PDTs hold potential for preventive care by identifying and addressing health risks early. Their application in wellness can promote healthier lifestyles and prevent the onset of chronic diseases, contributing to improved public health.

Conclusion

In digital health, PDTs offer promising avenues for improving patient outcomes, increasing access to care, and potentially reducing healthcare costs. While challenges remain, the growing body of evidence supporting PDTs suggests that they will play an increasingly important role in the future of healthcare delivery. 

As patients, healthcare providers, and policymakers alike embrace these innovative tools, we can look forward to a more personalized, accessible, and effective approach to managing a wide range of health conditions.

References

Bashran, E. (2024). Prescription Digital Therapeutics: Devices. HealthAffairs. Retrieved from

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2024.00159

Brezing, C. A., & Brixner, D. I. (2022). The Rise of Prescription Digital Therapeutics In Behavioral Health. Journal of Behavioral Health; 11(4), 1-10. doi: 10.1007/s12325-022-02320-0 

Global Prescription Digital Therapeutics (PDTx) Market – Industry Trends and Forecast to 2030. (2023). Data Bridge Market Research. Retrieved from https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-prescription-digital-therapeutics-dtx-market

Liesch, J., Volgina, D. Nessim, C., Murphy, D., & Samson, C. (2023). Blue Matter Consulting. Retrieved from https://bluematterconsulting.com/prescription-digital-therapeutics-us-market-outlook-2023/

Phan, P., Mitragotri, S., & Zhao, Z. (2023). Digital therapeutics in the clinic. Bioengineering & Translational Medicine; 8(4), e10536. doi:10.1002/btm2.10536. 

Prescription Digital Therapeutics Bring New Treatments to Healthcare. (2021). Avalere Health. Retrieved from https://avalere.com/insights/prescription-digital-therapeutics-bring-new-treatments-to-healthcare

Prescription Digital Therapeutics for Mental Health: Effectiveness, Challenges, and Future Trends. (2024). Pharmacy Times. Retrieved from https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/prescription-digital-therapeutics-for-mental-health-effectiveness-challenges-and-future-trends

Rassi-Cruz, M., Valente, F., & Caniza, M. V. (2022). Digital therapeutics and the need for regulation: How to develop products that are innovative, patient-centric and safe. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome; 14. doi.org/10.1186/s13098-022-00818-9 

Wang, C. Lee, C. & Shin, H. (2023). Digital therapeutics from bench to bedside. npj Digital Medicine; 6(1), 1-10. doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00777-z

The Future of Telehealth: Trends and Predictions for 2025 and Beyond

The Future of Telehealth: Trends and Predictions for 2025 and Beyond

by Ree AI Health Tech Med Tech

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic sparked a 78% uptick in telehealth usage. As we look to the future, telehealth is poised to become an integral part of healthcare delivery. 

This article explores the exciting innovations and trends that will shape the future of telehealth, promising to enhance patient care, improve accessibility, and streamline healthcare operations.

To understand the future of telehealth, we first need to look at the new technologies that are changing how we provide care.

Contents

Emerging Technologies in Telehealth

The future of telehealth is closely tied to advancements in technology. Several cutting-edge innovations are set to reshape virtual care in the coming years.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning in diagnostics

Phone with chatbot conversation

AI and machine learning (ML) can analyze large amounts of medical data to assist healthcare providers in making more accurate diagnoses and treatment recommendations.

For example, AI-powered diagnostic tools can examine medical images like X-rays or MRIs and flag potential issues for review by human doctors. 

AI chatbots are also being developed to conduct initial patient screenings and triage. These chatbots can ask patients about their symptoms and medical history, then direct them to appropriate care options whether that’s a virtual doctor visit, in-person visit, or emergency services.

Internet of Medical Things for remote patient monitoring

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) refers to connected medical devices and applications that can collect and transmit health data. This technology enables continuous remote monitoring of patients’ vital signs and other health metrics.

Some examples of IoMT devices include:

5G networks enabling real-time, high-quality video visits

The rollout of 5G networks dramatically improves the quality and reliability of video-based telehealth services. 5G offers much faster data speeds and lower latency compared to 4G networks.

In fact, 5G technology can reduce video latency to less than 2 milliseconds, enabling real-time interaction during virtual doctor visits comparable to in-person visits.

For telehealth, this means:

  • Higher-quality video and audio for virtual visits

  • The ability to transmit large medical files like MRIs quickly

  • More reliable connections in rural or remote areas

  • Support for bandwidth-intensive applications like augmented reality

Take a look at a diagram that shows how connected medical devices interoperate across different systems (Deloitte, 2021).

How connected medical devices interoperate across different systems
Source: Deloitte

Virtual and augmented reality applications in telemedicine

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have exciting potential applications in telehealth:

For instance, a 2018 study in the Journal of Visualized Experiments found that VR-based physical therapy for stroke patients greatly improved upper limb function compared to conventional therapy (Choi & Paik, 2018).

While technology is important, telehealth’s real strength is in making specialized care available to more people.

Expanding Access to Specialized Care

One of telehealth’s greatest promises is improving access to specialized medical care, especially for underserved populations.

Telepsychiatry bridging the mental health treatment gap

Mental health care has long suffered from accessibility issues, with many areas facing severe shortages of psychiatrists and therapists. Telepsychiatry is helping to bridge this gap.

A 2016 study in the World Journal of Psychiatry found that telepsychiatry was as effective as in-person care for treating depression, with the added benefit of increased patient satisfaction and engagement (Hubley et al., 2016).

Telepsychiatry is particularly valuable for:

  • Rural communities with few local mental health providers

  • Patients with mobility issues or transportation barriers

  • People seeking specialized treatments not available locally

  • Those who prefer the privacy and convenience of at-home care

Remote visits with specialists for rural and underserved areas

Telehealth is bringing specialized medical expertise to areas that previously had little or no access. This includes:

  • Remote dermatology visits using high-resolution images

  • Virtual neurology assessments for stroke patients

  • Tele-oncology services for cancer patients in rural areas

School-based telehealth programs improving pediatric care

School-based telehealth programs are emerging as a powerful tool for improving children’s health, especially in underserved communities. These programs typically involve:

Halterman et al (2017) found that school-based telehealth programs reduced emergency department visits and improved asthma outcomes for children in rural communities.

Virtual second opinions from leading medical experts

Telehealth is making it easier for patients to get second opinions from top specialists, regardless of geographic location. This can be particularly valuable for complex or rare conditions.

Several major medical centers now offer formal virtual second opinion programs. For example, the Mayo Clinic’s eConsults program provides written second opinions from Mayo Clinic specialists based on a review of medical records and test results.

Telehealth is also changing how we approach personalized care and monitoring for patients.

Personalized Medicine and Remote Monitoring

The integration of telehealth with other digital health technologies is enabling more personalized and proactive care.

Wearable devices for continuous health tracking

Monitor attached to back of a woman's left shoulder

Wearable devices like smartwatches and fitness trackers are increasingly being used for medical monitoring. These devices can track:

  • Heart rate and rhythm

  • Blood oxygen levels

  • Sleep patterns

  • Physical activity levels

  • Stress indicators

This continuous data collection allows for more comprehensive health monitoring between doctor visits.

Monitoring services are poised to continue incredible growth over the next several years, as depicted in the following chart (Gupta, 2024).

Source: Appinventiv

AI-powered predictive analytics for early intervention

By analyzing data from wearables, electronic health records (EHRs), and other sources, AI algorithms can predict health risks and recommend early interventions.

Some applications can help clinicians to:

  • Predict heart attacks or strokes based on subtle changes in vital signs

  • Identify patients at risk of developing diabetes

  • Forecast mental health crises based on behavioral patterns

Genomics and telehealth integration for tailored treatments

genetic markers

The combination of telehealth and genomic medicine is opening up new possibilities for personalized treatment plans. Patients can now receive genetic counseling and testing remotely, with results informing tailored treatment recommendations.

For example, pharmacogenomic testing can help determine which medications are likely to be most effective for a particular patient based on their genetic profile. 

Remote medication management and adherence monitoring

Poor medication adherence is a major challenge in healthcare, contributing to worse health outcomes and increased costs. Telehealth-enabled medication management tools can help by:

  • Sending reminders to take medications

  • Tracking medication usage through smart pill bottles or ingestible sensors

  • Allowing remote adjustments to medication regimens

  • Providing education about medications and potential side effects

As telehealth grows, we need to update the rules and regulations that guide its use.

Regulatory Landscape and Telehealth Adoption

Law books and scales with plant and shield

The rapid growth of telehealth has prompted significant regulatory changes, with more likely to come as the technology continues to evolve.

Evolving reimbursement policies for virtual care

One of the biggest barriers to telehealth adoption has been inconsistent reimbursement policies. However, the COVID-19 pandemic led to significant policy changes:

  • Medicare expanded coverage for telehealth services.

  • Many private insurers increased telehealth coverage.

  • Some states mandated payment parity between in-person and virtual visits.

As we move forward, key questions include:

  • Will expanded telehealth coverage become permanent?

  • How will reimbursement rates for virtual care compare to in-person visits?

  • What types of telehealth services will be covered?

Data privacy and security considerations in telehealth

medical papers and stethoscope

The growth of telehealth raises important questions about patient data privacy and security. Key concerns include ways to:

  • Ensure secure transmission of sensitive medical information

  • Protect patient data stored in telehealth platforms

  • Maintain privacy during video visits

Healthcare providers and telehealth companies must comply with regulations like HIPAA in the U.S.

Licensing and cross-state practice regulations

Traditionally, healthcare providers have been limited to practicing in states where they hold a license. This poses challenges for telehealth, which can easily cross state lines.

Some recent developments include:

  • The Interstate Medical Licensure Compact, which streamlines licensing for doctors in multiple states

  • Temporary waivers of state licensing requirements during the COVID-19 pandemic

  • Proposals for a national telemedicine license

Global telehealth initiatives and international cooperation

People around a globe

Telehealth has the potential to improve healthcare access globally, particularly in developing countries with limited medical infrastructure.

Some notable international telehealth initiatives include:

  • The World Health Organization’s Global Strategy on Digital Health

  • The European Union’s eHealth Network

  • The African Alliance of Digital Health Networks

Even with its many benefits, telehealth faces challenges that we must tackle to make it work for everyone.

Overcoming Challenges in Telehealth Implementation

While telehealth offers tremendous potential, several challenges must be addressed to ensure its effective and equitable implementation.

Addressing the digital divide and ensuring equitable access

The “digital divide” the gap between those who have access to technology and those who don’t poses a significant challenge for telehealth adoption.

Key issues include:

  • Lack of broadband internet access in rural areas

  • Limited digital literacy among some patient populations

  • Affordability of devices needed for telehealth

Potential solutions include:

  • Government initiatives to expand broadband access

  • Programs to provide telehealth-enabled devices to underserved populations

  • Digital literacy training for patients

Training healthcare providers in virtual care best practices

Many healthcare providers lack formal training in delivering care via telehealth. This can lead to suboptimal patient experiences and outcomes.

Key areas for provider training include:

  • Effective communication in virtual settings

  • Conducting remote physical exams

  • Managing technical issues during visits

  • Ensuring patient privacy and data security

Integrating telehealth with existing healthcare systems

For telehealth to reach its full potential, it needs to be seamlessly integrated with existing healthcare systems and workflows. This includes:

  • Integrating telehealth platforms with EHRs

  • Developing protocols for when to use telehealth vs. in-person care

  • Ensuring continuity of care between virtual and in-person visits

  • Adapting billing and administrative processes for telehealth

Health providers are set to invest heavily in virtual health applications in the next 5 to 10 years, as shown in the following chart (Gupta, 2024).

Source: Appinventiv

Managing patient expectations and building trust in virtual care

For many patients, telehealth represents a significant shift in how they receive care. Building trust and managing expectations is crucial for successful adoption.

Key considerations include how to:

A recent Health Information National Trends Survey found that 70% of U.S. adults with recent telehealth visits used audio-video, and 75% felt their telehealth visits were as good as in-person care (Spaulding et al., 2024). 

Conclusion

As technology advances and adoption grows, we can expect more personalized, accessible, and efficient care. However, success will depend on addressing challenges such as the digital divide and regulatory hurdles. 

By embracing AI and other technological innovations, we can create a healthcare system that truly meets the needs of patients in the digital age. Patients, providers, and policymakers must work together to shape this exciting future of healthcare.

References

Choi, H., & Paik, J. (2018). Mobile Game-based Virtual Reality Program for Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation. Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE; (133). doi.org/10.3791/56241

Deloitte. (2021). Medtech and the Internet of Medical Things: How connected medical devices are transforming health care. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/Life-Sciences-Health-Care/gx-lshc-medtech-iomt-brochure.pdf

General FAQs About the Compact. (n.d.). Interstate Medical Licensure Compact. Retrieved from https://www.imlcc.org/faqs/

Gupta, D. (2024). 7 Telemedicine Trends Shaping the Future of Healthcare. Appinventiv. Retrieved from https://appinventiv.com/blog/top-telehealth-trends/

Halterman, J. S., Tajon, R., Tremblay, P., Fagnano, M., Butz, A., Perry, T., & McConnochie, K. (2017). Development of School-Based Asthma Management Programs in Rochester, NY Presented in Honor of Dr. Robert Haggerty. Academic Pediatrics; 17(6), 595. doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2017.04.008 

Hubley, S., Lynch, S. B., Schneck, C., Thomas, M., & Shore, J. (2016). Review of key telepsychiatry outcomes. World Journal of Psychiatry, 6(2), 269–282. doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v6.i2.269

Marley, R. (2021). 8 key trends driving the future of telehealth. Healthcare Transformers. Retrieved from https://healthcaretransformers.com/digital-health/current-trends/future-of-telehealth/

More care close to home. (2024). MayoClinic. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/about-mayo-clinic/care-network/more-care-close-to-home

Spaulding, E. M., Fang, M., Chen, Y., Commodore-Mensah, Y., Himmelfarb, C. R., Martin, S. S., & Coresh, J. (2024). Satisfaction with Telehealth Care in the United States: Cross-Sectional Survey. Telemed J E Health. 2024 Jun;30(6):1549-1558. doi:10.1089/tmj.2023.0531

5G and Telehealth: Enhancing Healthcare Services and Patient Care

5G and Telehealth: Enhancing Healthcare Services and Patient Care

by Ree AI Health Tech Med Tech

As we move into a new era of connectivity, 5G technology is set to make telehealth even better. According to a study by Accenture, over 80% of healthcare executives believe 5G and telehealth will significantly impact the entire healthcare industry within the next three years. 

This article discusses the transformative effects of 5G on telehealth, exploring how this lightning-fast network is improving patient care, expanding access to medical services, and changing the future of healthcare delivery.

Contents

The Basics of 5G and Telehealth

What is 5G technology?

5G, the fifth generation of mobile networks, is a cutting-edge technology designed to enhance wireless communication. It offers significantly faster data speeds, reduced latency, and greater capacity compared to previous versions like 4G. This means that 5G can support a larger number of devices simultaneously, making it ideal for the Internet of Things (IoT) and other data-intensive applications. 

In healthcare, 5G enables seamless connectivity, which is crucial for telehealth services that rely on real-time data transmission and communication.

Overview of telehealth and its current limitations

Telehealth refers to the delivery of healthcare services through digital communication technologies, allowing patients to consult with healthcare providers remotely. 

While telehealth has grown significantly, it still faces several limitations like issues with video and audio quality, limited access in rural areas, and challenges with performing comprehensive physical examinations remotely (Gajarawala & Pelkowski, 2021). The current telehealth infrastructure often struggles with data transmission delays and connectivity issues, which can hinder effective patient care.

How 5G addresses existing telehealth challenges

5G technology addresses many of these challenges by providing faster and more reliable connections. Its low latency ensures that data is transmitted almost instantaneously, which is critical for real-time consultations and remote monitoring. 

With 5G, telehealth services can offer high-definition video and audio quality, making virtual visits more effective and closer to in-person visits. Additionally, 5G’s ability to connect numerous devices simultaneously supports the growing demand for telehealth services and the integration of advanced technologies like AI and IoT in healthcare (Georgiou et al., 2021). 

Enhanced Real-time Communication

Improved video quality for virtual doctor visits

One of the most essential benefits of 5G in telehealth is the improvement in video quality for virtual visits. High-definition video is essential for healthcare providers to accurately assess patients’ conditions remotely. 

With 5G’s enhanced bandwidth, video calls are clearer and more stable, reducing the likelihood of disruptions during virtual visits. This improvement improves the patient experience and allows healthcare providers to make more accurate diagnoses and treatment recommendations.

Low latency for seamless interactions

Latency, or the delay before data transfer begins following an instruction, is a critical factor in telehealth. High latency can lead to frustrating delays and miscommunications during virtual doctor visits. 

5G significantly reduces latency, enabling seamless interactions between patients and healthcare providers. This is particularly important in scenarios where immediate feedback is necessary, such as during remote surgeries or emergency telehealth visits.

Clearer audio for accurate diagnoses

Clear audio is crucial for healthcare providers to understand patients’ symptoms and concerns accurately. 5G enhances audio clarity by providing a more stable and reliable connection. 

This improvement ensures that both patients and providers can communicate effectively, minimizing the risk of misdiagnosis due to poor audio quality. Enhanced audio clarity is especially beneficial in fields like mental health, where verbal communication is a key component of treatment (Georgiou et al., 2021).

Remote Patient Monitoring Advancements

Beyond improving communication, 5G improves the ways doctors keep track of their patients’ health remotely.

Real-time data transmission from wearable devices

Wearable devices have become an integral part of remote patient monitoring (RPM), allowing continuous tracking of vital signs and other health metrics. 

5G technology enhances the capabilities of these devices by enabling real-time data transmission. This means healthcare providers can receive up-to-the-minute information about a patient’s condition, allowing for timely interventions and adjustments to treatment plans.

Continuous monitoring of chronic conditions

Woman on couch with Blood pressure monitor at home

For patients with chronic conditions, continuous monitoring is essential for managing their health effectively. 5G supports the continuous transmission of data from wearable devices, ensuring that healthcare providers have access to comprehensive and accurate information (Devi et al., 2023). 

This capability allows for better management of conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing hospital admissions.

Early detection and prevention of health issues

The ability to monitor patients in real-time also facilitates the early detection of potential health issues. By analyzing data from wearable devices, healthcare providers can identify patterns or anomalies that may indicate a developing problem. 

Early detection allows time for preventive measures, reducing the risk of complications and improving overall patient health. 5G’s high-speed connectivity ensures that this data is transmitted quickly and reliably, enabling proactive healthcare management.

Enabling Advanced Telehealth Applications

The power of 5G opens up new possibilities for complex medical procedures and training.

Remote surgeries and robotic procedures

Robot reviewing scans on screen

5G technology is paving the way for advanced telehealth applications, including remote surgeries and robotic procedures. With its low latency and high reliability, 5G enables surgeons to perform operations remotely using robotic systems. 

This capability is particularly important in emergencies or areas lacking specialized surgical expertise. Remote surgeries are made possible by 5G’s ability to transmit high-definition video and tactile feedback in real-time to ensure precision and safety (Georgiou et al., 2021).

Augmented and virtual reality in medical training

Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are transforming medical training by providing immersive and interactive learning experiences. 5G supports these technologies by delivering the high-speed and low-latency connections required for seamless AR and VR applications. 

Medical students and professionals can use AR and VR to practice complex procedures, visualize anatomy in 3D, and simulate real-life scenarios, enhancing their skills and knowledge without the need for physical resources.

AI-powered diagnostics and treatment planning

Anantomy scan with goggles stethoscope and notebook

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly important in healthcare for diagnostics and treatment planning. 5G enables the integration of AI technologies into telehealth platforms by providing the necessary bandwidth and speed for processing large datasets. 

AI-powered tools can analyze patient data to identify patterns, predict outcomes, and suggest personalized treatment plans. This integration enhances the accuracy and efficiency of telehealth services, leading to better patient care (Georgiou et al., 2021).

Expanding Access to Healthcare

One of the most important impacts of 5G on telehealth is how it can bring quality healthcare to more people.

Bridges the urban-rural healthcare divide

WiFi signal over city buildings

A significant impact of 5G in telehealth is its potential to bridge the healthcare gap between urban and rural areas. Rural communities often face challenges in accessing quality healthcare due to distance and limited resources. 

5G enables telehealth services to reach these underserved areas by providing reliable and high-speed connectivity (Devi et al., 2023). Patients in rural areas can access virtual doctor visits, remote monitoring, and specialist care without the need to travel long distances.

Improves emergency response times

In emergencies, every second counts. 5G technology can improve emergency response times by enabling connected ambulances and real-time communication between paramedics and hospital staff. 

With 5G, ambulances can transmit patient data (teleambulance services), such as vital signs and medical history, to the hospital en route, allowing for better preparation and faster treatment upon arrival. This capability can greatly improve patient outcomes in critical situations.

Facilitates specialist visits in underserved areas

Mother with sick child on couch and red laptop - pediatric telehealth

Access to specialist care is often limited in underserved areas, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment. 5G facilitates virtual visits with specialists, allowing patients to receive expert advice and care without the need for travel. 

This capability is particularly beneficial for patients with rare or complex conditions that require specialized knowledge. By enabling virtual visits, 5G helps ensure that all patients have access to the care they need, regardless of their location.

5G Challenges and Considerations

While the benefits of 5G in telehealth are significant, there are also important challenges to consider.

Infrastructure requirements for 5G implementation

While 5G offers numerous benefits for telehealth, its implementation requires hefty infrastructure development. Building the necessary network infrastructure, such as towers and data centers, can be costly and time-consuming (Agrawal et al., 2023). 

Additionally, healthcare facilities need to invest in compatible devices and technologies to fully leverage 5G’s capabilities. These infrastructure requirements can pose challenges, particularly for smaller healthcare providers or those in remote areas (Georgiou et al., 2021).

Data security and privacy concerns

With the increased use of digital technologies in healthcare, data security and privacy have become major concerns. 5G networks must ensure that patient data is transmitted securely and protected from unauthorized access. 

Healthcare providers need to implement robust security measures, such as encryption and authentication protocols, to safeguard sensitive information. Addressing these concerns is crucial for maintaining patient trust and compliance with regulations (Gajarawala & Pelkowski, 2021).

Equitable access to 5G-enabled telehealth services

Ensuring equitable access to 5G-enabled telehealth services is essential for maximizing their benefits. While 5G can improve healthcare access in underserved areas, disparities in technology adoption and infrastructure still exist. 

Efforts must be made to ensure that all communities, regardless of socioeconomic status or location, can access and benefit from 5G telehealth services. This includes addressing affordability, digital literacy, and infrastructure gaps.

Conclusion

From enhancing the quality of virtual doctor visits to enabling groundbreaking remote procedures, 5G with telehealth is a combo that’s set to improve patient outcomes and expand access to vital medical services. 

To make the most of 5G and telehealth, and address the challenges related to telehealth implementation, security, and equity, healthcare providers, patients, and policymakers must work together. The future of healthcare is powered by 5G.

References

Agrawal, V., Agrawal, S., Bomanwar, A., Dubey, T., & Jaiswal, A. (2023). Exploring the Risks, Benefits, Advances, and Challenges in Internet Integration in Medicine With the Advent of 5G Technology: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus; i(11). doi.org/10.7759/cureus.48767

Baldwin, P. (2021). How 5G can transform telemedicine to tackle today’s toughest challenges. Qualcomm. Retrieved from  https://www.qualcomm.com/news/onq/2021/01/how-5g-can-transform-telemedicine-tackle-todays-toughest-challenges

Crews, J. 5G: Bridging or Amplifying the Rural-Urban Divide? Heartland Forward. Retrieved from https://heartlandforward.org/case-study/5g-bridging-or-amplifying-the-rural-urban-divide/

Devi, D. H., Duraisamy, K., Armghan, A., Alsharari, M., Aliqab, K., Sorathiya, V., Das, S., & Rashid, N. (2023). 5G Technology in Healthcare and Wearable Devices: A Review. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland); 23(5). doi.org/10.3390/s23052519

Everything you need to know about 5G. (n.d.). Qualcomm. Retrieved from  https://www.qualcomm.com/5g/what-is-5g

Foo, M. 8 Ways That 5G Benefits Healthcare (n.d.). ABI Research. Retrieved from  https://www.abiresearch.com/blogs/2023/01/03/5G-in-healthcare/

Gajarawala, S. N., & Pelkowski, J. N. (2021). Telehealth Benefits and Barriers. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners; 17(2), 218-221. doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.09.013

Georgiou, K. E., Georgiou, E, Satava, R. M. (2021). 5G Use in Healthcare: The Future is Present. Journal of the Society of Laparoscopic & Robotic Surgeons; 25(4):e2021.00064. doi: 10.4293/JSLS.2021.00064

Gillis, M. (2022). More Than 80% of Healthcare Executives Expect the Metaverse Will Have a Positive Impact on Their Organizations, According to a New Accenture Report. Accenture. Retrieved from https://newsroom.accenture.com/news/2022/more-than-80-percent-of-healthcare-executives-expect-the-metaverse-will-have-a-positive-impact-on-their-organizations-according-to-a-new-accenture-report

Lensing, M. (2019). 5G can help deliver better insights into patient health. AT&T Business. Retrieved from https://www.business.att.com/learn/top-voices/5g-can-help-deliver-better-insights-into-patient-health.html

Maheu, M. (2024). See How 5G Technology Can Improve Your Healthcare Service. Telehealth.org. Retrieved from https://telehealth.org/see-how-5g-technology-can-improve-your-healthcare-service/

Seitz, S. (2024). The Impact of 5G on Connected Devices. Sequenex. Retrieved from https://sequenex.com/the-impact-of-5g-on-connected-devices/

Udell, C. (2023). 5G Security Concerns & Privacy Risks. MRL Consulting Group. Retrieved from https://www.mrlcg.com/resources/blog/5g-security-concerns—privacy-risks/

Pediatric Telehealth: Bringing Expert Care to Kids at Home

Pediatric Telehealth: Bringing Expert Care to Kids at Home

by Ree AI Health Tech

Pediatric telehealth, the practice of providing medical care to kids remotely, is becoming more popular each year. A survey by Amwell and Nemours Children’s Health found that 61% of parents were willing to use online pediatric services. 

This article discusses the benefits, challenges, and ways telehealth for children can improve pediatric care.

Contents

What is Pediatric Telehealth?

Pediatric telehealth uses digital technology to deliver healthcare services to children. Healthcare providers can use video calls, secure messaging, and mobile health apps to offer medical consultations, diagnoses, and treatments remotely (Tully et al., 2021). 

Pediatric telehealth includes various services like virtual doctor visits, e-prescriptions, and remote monitoring. It aims to make healthcare more accessible and convenient for children and their families, especially those living in rural or underserved areas (Hall et al., 2015).

Pediatric telehealth service types 

Doctor talking to parent and child on laptop

Pediatric telehealth offers various services, such as:

  • Virtual doctor visits: These include urgent care, routine check-ups, follow-up appointments, and consultations for minor illnesses or injuries.

  • Mental health services: Telehealth provides access to pediatric psychology and behavioral health support, which is crucial to address mental health issues in children.

  • Chronic condition management: With telehealth, conditions like asthma, diabetes, and gastrointestinal issues can be monitored and managed remotely.

  • Specialty care: Pediatric specialties such as endocrinology, dermatology, and neurology can be accessed through telehealth, allowing families to consult specialists without traveling long distances.

Primary care pediatricians report using telehealth for sick visits (91%), mental health visits (85%), and chronic disease visits (71%). Over 80% of pediatricians reported telehealth was very effective or moderately effective for mental health and chronic disease visits.

Technologies used for pediatric telehealth

The technologies that enable pediatric telehealth include:

  • Video conferencing tools: Platforms like Zoom or Skype facilitate face-to-face interactions between healthcare providers and patients.

  • Secure messaging: This allows for confidential communication between families and healthcare providers.

  • Remote monitoring devices: Wearable devices and home monitoring tools help track vital signs and other health metrics.

  • Mobile health apps: These apps provide educational resources, appointment scheduling, and medication reminders.

Benefits of Telehealth for Kids and Families

Woman and baby looking at tablet

Pediatric telehealth offers numerous advantages for children and their families, making healthcare more accessible and efficient.

Convenience and accessibility

Telehealth provides the convenience of accessing healthcare services from home, eliminating the need for travel. This is particularly beneficial for families with busy schedules or those living in remote areas. It also reduces the time spent in waiting rooms, minimizing exposure to illnesses.

Access to specialists

Telehealth can bridge the gap between families and pediatric specialists, regardless of their geographic location. This is crucial for children requiring specialized care, such as pediatric oncology or neurology, where specialists may not be available in their area (Casey Family Programs, 2024).

Cost-effectiveness and time savings

By reducing travel expenses and time off work or school, telehealth can be more cost-effective for families. It also alleviates the burden of transportation, which can be a huge barrier for some families.

Common Pediatric Conditions Treated via Telehealth

Telehealth is effective for managing a variety of pediatric conditions, offering a practical solution for acute and chronic health issues. Some pediatric services are better for telehealth than others:

  • Virtual Visits: Best for mental health, behavioral and developmental concerns, headaches, and skin conditions.

  • In-Person Visits: Best for newborn and well-child checkups, immunizations, and asthma. Also important for illnesses that require a test or an exam for an official diagnosis. 

Let’s go over the ideal conditions for pediatric virtual visits.

Minor illnesses and injuries

A child with a scraped knee closeup

Telehealth can address common childhood ailments such as fevers, rashes, respiratory infections, and minor injuries like cuts and bruises. Virtual doctor visits allow healthcare providers to assess symptoms and recommend treatment without an in-person visit.

Mental health and behavioral issues

About 16.5% of people under age 18 have experienced at least one mental health condition, with depression, anxiety, and conduct problems being among the most prevalent. The rates of depression and anxiety among teens have shown an upward trend over time, amplified by the pandemic (Vanderwood et al., 2023). 

Telehealth has become an essential tool for delivering mental health services to children. It provides a platform for therapy sessions and behavioral assessments, which are crucial for managing conditions like anxiety and depression.

Collaborative care and telehealth

Collaborative care is when primary care doctors work closely with mental health experts to help patients. One study by JG Research & Evaluation and Concert Health looked at how well collaborative care delivered via telehealth works for treating depression and anxiety in teenagers. They found that over half of the teens in this study saw their symptoms improve.

More frequent check-ins with the teens led to better results, especially for those with anxiety. Researchers also noticed that older teens tended to do better with this treatment, possibly because they can engage more easily with phone-based (audio-only) care and learn coping skills better.

One notable finding was that Medicaid patients were less likely to see big improvements in their depression symptoms compared to those with private insurance. This suggests that Medicaid patients may need extra support.

Chronic disease management

Mother with sick child on couch and red laptop - pediatric telehealth

Children with chronic conditions like asthma, epilepsy, or diabetes can benefit from telehealth through regular monitoring and consultations. This ensures continuous care and timely adjustments to treatment plans.

Follow-up appointments and medication reviews

Telehealth simplifies follow-up care by allowing healthcare providers to review medications and treatment progress remotely. This is especially useful for children requiring ongoing medical supervision.

Challenges and Limitations of Pediatric Telehealth

Despite its benefits, pediatric telehealth faces several challenges that must be addressed to ensure that providers can implement it effectively.

Technology barriers and digital divide

Man at laptop with head in hands

Access to reliable internet and digital devices is essential for telehealth, but not all families have this available to them (Curfman et al., 2022). The digital divide can hinder the effectiveness of telehealth services, particularly in rural or low-income areas.

Difficulty performing physical examinations

Telehealth limits the ability to conduct thorough physical exams, which are sometimes necessary for accurate diagnosis. This is a big drawback for certain medical conditions (Tully et al., 2021).

Privacy and security concerns

Ensuring the privacy and security of patient data is crucial in telehealth. If you have concerns about the confidentiality of your health information when using digital platforms, check that your provider’s telehealth platform is HIPAA-compliant.

Insurance coverage and reimbursement complexities

Understanding insurance coverage for telehealth services can be difficult and complex, with varying policies on reimbursement. This can affect how affordable and accessible telehealth is for some families (Tully et al., 2021).

How to Prepare for a Pediatric Telehealth Visit

Families should get ready for their child’s telehealth appointment with the following steps.

A girl and her mom using red laptop

Setting up the tech

Ensure that the necessary technology, such as a computer or smartphone with a camera and microphone, is set up and functioning properly. Test the internet connection to avoid disruptions during the appointment.

Gather medical information

Prepare any relevant medical records, such as previous diagnoses, medication lists, and recent test results, to share with the healthcare provider during the consultation.

Create the ideal environment

Choose a quiet, private, and well-lit area for the telehealth visit to facilitate clear communication and minimize distractions.

Tips to keep children engaged

Engage children by explaining the purpose of the telehealth visit and involving them in the process. Having a favorite toy or book nearby can help keep them calm and focused during the appointment.

The Future of Telehealth in Pediatric Care

The future of pediatric telehealth looks promising, with advancements in technology and increased integration into healthcare systems.

Up-and-coming technologies

Innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), and advanced wearable devices are expected to enhance telehealth services, making them more interactive and effective.

Integration with school health services

School nurse treating a girl

Telehealth can be integrated into school health programs, providing students with access to medical care without leaving the school premises. This can improve health outcomes and reduce absenteeism (Curfman et al., 2022).

Potential for improving healthcare equity

Telehealth has the potential to improve healthcare equity by providing underserved populations with access to quality care. This is particularly important for children in rural or low-income areas.

Ongoing research and development

Continuous research and development in telehealth will likely lead to new applications and improvements in service delivery, ensuring that pediatric telehealth remains a vital component of children’s healthcare.

Conclusion

Pediatric telehealth is more than just a convenient option—it’s a powerful tool that’s expanding access to quality healthcare for children everywhere. While challenges remain, the benefits of virtual care for kids are clear: increased access to specialists, reduced healthcare costs, and improved convenience for families. 

For parents and healthcare providers alike, embracing digital solutions like telehealth can mean healthier, happier kids and more empowered families. 

The future of children’s healthcare is here, and it’s just a screen away.

References

AAP Research. (2023). AAP study shows telehealth use common in pediatric care. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Retrieved from https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/23772/AAP-study-shows-telehealth-use-common-in-pediatric

Hall, R. W., TELEHEALTH CARE, S. O., Dehnel, P. J., Alexander, J. J., Bell, D. M., Bunik, M., & Kile, J. R. (2015). Technical Report: Telemedicine: Pediatric Applications. Pediatrics; 136(1), e293. doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-1517

How can child protection agencies use telehealth to increase service access for children and families? (2024). Casey Family Programs. Retrieved from https://www.casey.org/telehealth-child-welfare/

LaMarco, N. (2024). What Conditions Can a Pediatrician Treat with Telehealth? Healthgrades. Retrieved from https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/childrens-health/10-childrens-conditions-that-can-be-treated-in-a-telehealth-visit

Minimizing Telehealth Technology Barriers in Rural and Underserved Communities. (n.d.). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Retrieved from https://www.aap.org/en/practice-management/care-delivery-approaches/telehealth/minimizing-telehealth-technology-barriers-in-rural-and-underserved-communities/

Telehealth: Opportunities to Improve Access, Quality, and Cost in Pediatric Care. (2022). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Retrieved from  https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/149/3/e2021056035/184902/Telehealth-Opportunities-to-Improve-Access-Quality

Telehealth appointment or in-person primary care? How to choose the best option for you. (n.d.). HealthPartners. Retrieved from https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/when-to-use-telemedicine

Telehealth Virtual Care Services Bring Future of Health Care to Every Child Pediatrics. (n.d.). Every Child Pediatrics. Retrieved from https://everychildpediatrics.org/telehealth-virtual-care-services-bring-future-of-health-care-to-every-child-pediatrics/

Survey Finds Majority of Parents Willing to Engage in Telehealth Post-COVID. (2021). Nemours Children’s Health. Retrieved from https://nemours.mediaroom.com/2021-07-28-Survey-Finds-Majority-of-Parents-Willing-to-Engage-in-Telehealth-Post-COVID

Tully, L., Case, L., Arthurs, N., Sorensen, J., & Marcin, J. P. (2021). Barriers and Facilitators for Implementing Pediatric Telemedicine: Rapid Review of User Perspectives. Frontiers in Pediatrics; 9. doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.630365

Vanderwood, K., Joyner, J., & Little, V. (2023). The effectiveness of collaborative care delivered via telehealth in a pediatric primary care population. Frontiers in Psychiatry; 14, 1240902. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1240902

Telehealth for Rural Areas: Bridging the Healthcare Gap

Telehealth for Rural Areas: Bridging the Healthcare Gap

by Ree AI Health Tech

In the vast expanses of rural America, access to quality healthcare has long been a challenge. But telehealth can be a digital lifeline for these communities. According to the American Hospital Association, 76% of U.S. hospitals connect with patients through video and other technology. This underscores the growing importance of telehealth for rural areas where medical facilities are often few and far between. 

Let’s explore how this technology is making waves in rural healthcare, its benefits, challenges, and what the future holds.

Contents

Benefits of Telehealth for Rural Residents

Telehealth is changing healthcare delivery, particularly in rural areas where access to medical services can be limited. 

A man hitchhiking from a farm

In a survey of 202 adults living in a rural area, 88% of them were open to telehealth. When asked about barriers to show up for doctor appointments or receiving adequate healthcare, they cited several reasons (Kolluri et al., 2022):

  • The wait to see the doctor is too long – 32.7%

  • Too expensive – 24.8%

  • Lack of transportation – 22.8%

  • Schedule conflicts – 22.8%

  • Not sick – 15.8%

  • Distrust the quality of healthcare – 13.9%

  • Other – 4.5% (“My insurance isn’t accepted for at least 100 miles.”)

With this data, we can clearly see how telehealth can positively impact rural patients. Here are some specific benefits.

Better access to doctors with reduced travel

For many rural residents, visiting a doctor means traveling long distances, which can be costly and time-consuming. Finding a specialist is also challenging due to limited availability. 

Telehealth bridges this gap by connecting patients with specialists through video visits and online consultations, which eliminates the need for long travel (Butzner & Cuffee, 2021). Patients who receive care from the comfort of their homes save on transportation costs and reduce the need to take time off from work.

Faster access to care in emergencies

Tele-emergency services provide real-time access to emergency medicine physicians, allowing rural healthcare providers to manage emergencies more effectively (Rural Health Information Hub, 2024). This quick access can be crucial in life-threatening situations.

Increased continuity of care for chronic conditions

Black woman gold top showing phone with glucose meter on arm

Chronic disease management is vital for improving patient outcomes. Telehealth enables continuous monitoring and follow-up care, ensuring that patients with chronic conditions receive consistent and timely interventions.

Improved patient engagement and health outcomes

Telehealth encourages patients to take an active role in their healthcare. With tools like remote monitoring and mobile health apps, patients can track their health metrics and communicate with healthcare providers more frequently, leading to better health outcomes.

These benefits highlight how telehealth is making healthcare more accessible and effective for rural patients. However, implementing telehealth in these areas comes with its own set of challenges.

Success Stories: Rural Telehealth in Action

Many rural communities have successfully implemented telehealth programs with success stories to celebrate. Here are a few.

Effective telehealth programs 

Project ECHO®

Programs like Project ECHO® have connected rural healthcare providers with specialists, allowing for better management of complex cases (Rural Health Information Hub, 2024). These kinds of programs show the potential of telehealth to improve healthcare delivery in rural communities.

Hybrid healthcare in the South

Woman getting a shot in her arm

East Carolina University (ECU) developed a hybrid healthcare program to improve health outcomes for rural residents in that area. A nurse visits patients at home and connects them virtually with providers at health centers. 

This program allows patients to access various healthcare services, including consultations with pharmacists, while the nurse assesses their needs. The program has proven beneficial, as illustrated by a bed-bound diabetes patient who, after joining, received comprehensive care and reduced hospital visits. 

This hybrid approach combines telehealth with in-person visits to address barriers faced by rural patients, such as long travel distances to healthcare facilities. It also allows the clinical team to collaborative and address patients’ health issues, making them more discoverable and actionable. 

Mobile clinic for substance abuse in the Mid-Atlantic

Wide top white van driving down street

The University of Maryland (UMD) launched a telehealth program to address the shortage of healthcare providers for opioid use disorder (OUD) in rural areas, particularly after a care center in western Maryland lost its OUD provider. They partnered with health departments and secured funding from the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) to set up mobile clinics equipped with vans and computers. 

These clinics, staffed by a counselor, nurse, and peer recovery specialist, park in central locations to provide care. Telehealth plays a crucial role in expanding access to OUD treatment. This initiative has successfully served hundreds of people, reaching individuals who otherwise might not have access to treatment.

Emergency care access in rural hospitals in the Midwest

Two ambulances in front of Emergency entrance to hospital

In rural areas, residents face higher risks of death from accidents and strokes. Telehealth allows specially trained providers to assist rural hospital staff in delivering prompt emergency care, which is crucial for improving outcomes. 

One such case study comes from Sanford Health, which uses telehealth to improve emergency care access in rural hospitals across South Dakota, North Dakota, and Minnesota. Their program connects 32 rural emergency service locations to specialists through a virtual care hub. This hub allows rural staff to quickly consult with specialists on treating strokes, burns, and other traumas. 

The program’s success relies on technology, including two large monitors that allow specialists to access patient information from multiple sources simultaneously. 

Impact on local healthcare providers and clinics 

Telehealth allows rural clinics to offer a broader range of services, reducing the need for patient transfers and hospital bypasses. There can be caveats to this, but telehealth can improve the viability of rural healthcare facilities and helped retain healthcare providers in these areas. 

Economic benefits for rural communities 

Implementing telehealth can lead to economic benefits such as reduced patient transportation costs, increased local pharmacy revenues, and decreased hospital staffing costs.

These success stories illustrate the transformative impact telehealth can have on rural healthcare, providing a model for future initiatives.

While telehealth often leads to positive outcomes, its implementation in rural areas is not without obstacles.

Challenges in Implementing Rural Telehealth

Despite its advantages, telehealth implementation in rural areas faces several hurdles. Understanding these challenges is crucial for developing effective solutions.

Telehealth access for people experiencing homelessness

Man in homeless shelter

Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) serve vulnerable, unhoused, and underinsured people in the U.S. 

During the COVID-19 pandemic, FQHCs set up telehealth in shelters and community organizations, used vans for mobile telehealth services, and gave smartphones and tablets to shelters to connect unhoused patients with primary care doctors and specialists. 

However, challenges remain, like unreliable phone and internet service. Post-pandemic, many unhoused patients still rely on phone visits instead of video visits (Azar et al, 2024).

Limited broadband internet access

Reliable internet is essential for telehealth services. Unfortunately, many rural areas lack the necessary broadband infrastructure, which can hinder the delivery of telehealth services.

Technology literacy and adoption among older populations

Older adults may struggle with using new technologies, which can limit their ability to benefit from telehealth services. Providing education and support is necessary to increase technology adoption among this demographic (Gurupur & Miao, 2022).

Regulatory and licensing inconsistencies

Telehealth often involves providing services across state lines, since technology allows for worldwide connections. This can lead to regulatory and licensing challenges. The requirements vary by state, which complicates the process for healthcare providers (Gurupur & Miao, 2022).

Reimbursement and insurance coverage complexities

Doctor on the phone

Insurance coverage for telehealth also varies, as some providers don’t reimburse certain types of care. For example, each state has different rules and regulations about the types of services that can be reimbursed by Medicaid. This inconsistency discourages some healthcare providers from offering telehealth services.

Privacy and security concerns in digital health platforms 

Protecting patient data is a top priority in telehealth. Ensuring that digital health platforms comply with privacy regulations like HIPAA is essential to maintain patient trust.

Language barriers

In a study by UC Davis in Sacramento with The University of Queensland in Brisbane, providers had mixed experiences with interpreter services during telehealth visits. Some found it challenging to use interpreters effectively through their clinic’s telehealth platform. In some cases, non-English speaking patients were asked to come to the clinic in person instead of using telehealth. One provider mentioned relying on family members for translation, but this wasn’t always possible (Azar et al, 2024). 

On the other hand, many providers said they could meet the needs of non-English speaking patients using available interpreter services. Some clinics had smooth workflows for integrating interpreters into telehealth visits, while others were still working on finding good solutions to this issue (Azar et al, 2024).

Addressing these challenges requires collaboration between policymakers, healthcare providers, and technology companies. By overcoming these obstacles, telehealth can become a more integral part of rural healthcare.

The Future of Telehealth in Rural Healthcare

Lin et al (2018) found that health centers located in rural areas were associated with a 10-percentage-point increase in the probability of telehealth use, and 12.2 percentage points more likely to use telehealth for mental health care, compared to those in urban areas. 

Several years later, technology continues to improve, and telehealth plays an even more important role in providing healthcare to people in rural communities. Here are some trends and developments to watch.

Emerging technologies enhancing telehealth capabilities 

Innovations like wearable devices and artificial intelligence (AI) are expanding the possibilities of telehealth. These technologies provide more comprehensive monitoring and personalized care.

Policy changes and initiatives regarding rural telehealth 

Governments and organizations recognize the importance of telehealth in rural areas. However, telehealth in those communities can negatively impact their local healthcare access, and several federal waivers are set to expire soon. 

Rural vs. urban healthcare systems

Empty winding road

A study by the University of Tennesee at Knoxville found that rural hospitals often lose patients to urban hospitals offering telehealth services. This shift results in financial strain for rural hospitals, affecting their investment choices and capital structure. As a result, some rural hospitals may have to cut back on staff, including doctors and nurses, or even close down intensive care units. And in extreme cases, this can lead to bankruptcy. 

These financial challenges arise because rural hospitals lose revenue when patients opt for telehealth services from urban providers. This situation is worsened because rural hospitals typically face higher financial risks. 

Policymakers and patients should consider these long-term financial impacts when using telehealth services, as they can have unintended negative consequences for rural healthcare providers. Initiatives aimed at expanding broadband access and simplifying regulatory processes are crucial for the continued growth of telehealth.

Federal waiver expirations

At the end of 2024, six federal waivers and provisions will end  unless the U.S. government takes further action:

  • Site Waivers: Temporary Medicare changes, including geographic and site flexibilities, are set to expire, which affects FQHCs and Rural Health Clinics (RHCs).

  • In-Person Follow-Ups for Mental Telehealth: A waiver that removes the need for an in-person visit within six months of an initial telemental health visit is expiring.
  • HSA Safe Harbor: Laws that allow high-deductible health plans to cover telehealth services without affecting health savings accounts is ending.
  • Controlled Substance Prescribing: The temporary Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) guidelines that allow telehealth providers to prescribe controlled substances without an in-person visit are set to expire.
  • Provider Privacy: Medicare telehealth providers currently have privacy regarding their location on claim forms, but this may change.
  • Acute Hospital Care at Home: A waiver that allows remote patient monitoring by eliminating the need for 24/7 on-site nursing is expiring.

Integration with other healthcare services and systems

Telehealth is becoming more integrated with traditional healthcare services, offering a seamless experience for patients. This integration can improve care coordination and ensure that telehealth complements in-person care effectively.

Potential for addressing healthcare disparities

Asian woman looking at phone in disgust

Telehealth has the potential to reduce healthcare disparities by providing equitable access to care for underserved populations. By making healthcare more accessible, telehealth can help address some of the systemic issues contributing to health disparities.

Conclusion

Quality healthcare should be equitable and available for everyone, regardless of their zip code. Telehealth can be a powerful tool to address the healthcare needs of rural communities. By breaking down geographical barriers, it’s bringing quality care to those who need it most. 

As technology advances and policies adapt, there are many opportunities for telehealth to further improve rural healthcare. By continuing to innovate and address existing challenges, telehealth can become a cornerstone of rural healthcare delivery.

Whether you’re a patient, provider, or policymaker, embracing telehealth could be the key to ensuring that everyone, regardless of location, has access to the care they deserve. The future of rural healthcare is here, and it’s digital. Are you ready to connect?

References

Azar, R., Chan, R., Sarkisian, M., Burns, R. D., Marcin, J. P. , Gotthardt, C. De Guzman, K. R., Rosenthal, J. L., & Haynes, S. C. (2024). Adapting telehealth to address health equity: Perspectives of primary care providers across the United States. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare; 1-7. doi:10.1177/1357633X241238780

Butzner, M., & Cuffee, Y. (2021). Telehealth Interventions and Outcomes Across Rural Communities in the United States: Narrative Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research; 23(8). doi.org/10.2196/29575

Expanding access to emergency care in rural hospitals. (2024). Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). Retrieved from https://telehealth.hhs.gov/community-stories/expanding-access-emergency-care-rural-hospitals

Gurupur, V. P., & Miao, Z. (2022). A brief analysis of challenges in implementing telehealth in a rural setting. MHealth; 8. doi.org/10.21037/mhealth-21-38

Home-based, hybrid health care in rural communities. (2024). Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). Retrieved from https://telehealth.hhs.gov/community-stories/home-based-hybrid-health-care-rural-communities

Kolluri, S., Stead, T. S., Mangal, R. K., Littell, J., & Ganti, L. (2022). Telehealth in Response to the Rural Health Disparity. Health Psychology Research; 10(3). doi.org/10.52965/001c.37445

Lin, C. C., Dievler, A. , Robbins, C., Sripipatana, A., Quinn, M. & Nair, S. (2018). Telehealth in Health Centers: Key Adoption Factors, Barriers, and Opportunities. Retrieved from 

https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05125

Mobile clinics for substance use disorder. (2024). Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). Retrieved from https://telehealth.hhs.gov/community-stories/mobile-clinics-substance-use-disorder

Stewart, H. (2024). Telehealth trends in 2024: Converging challenges on the virtual care frontier. CHG Healthcare. Retrieved from https://chghealthcare.com/blog/telehealth-trends

Telehealth and Health Information Technology in Rural Healthcare. (2024). Rural Health Information Hub. Retrieved from https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/topics/telehealth-health-it

Telemedicine usage can have unexpected impact on rural communities’ access to local care. (2024). News Medical. Retrieved from https://www.news-medical.net/news/20240801/Telemedicine-usage-can-have-unexpected-impact-on-rural-communities-access-to-local-care.aspx

The Key Benefits of Telehealth in Rural Areas. (n.d.). Health Recovery Solutions. Retrieved from https://www.healthrecoverysolutions.com/blog/the-key-benefits-of-telehealth-in-rural-areas

Telehealth vs. In-Person Visits: Pros and Cons

Telehealth vs. In-Person Visits: Pros and Cons

by Ree Health Tech

Telehealth is a viable alternative to traditional in-person care, sparking an ongoing debate about each of their relative merits. This may leave people wondering about the differences between telehealth vs. in-person visits.

In this article, we’ll explore the pros and cons of telehealth and in-person care so you make informed decisions about your healthcare needs, and determine which option is right for you.

Contents

 

What is Telehealth?

Telehealth, also known as telemedicine, involves the use of digital tools to provide healthcare services remotely. A few examples:

  • Sending and receiving direct messages from your healthcare provider via a patient portal.

  • Email or text reminders about prescriptions.

  • Remote monitoring of your blood sugar, heart rate, sleep patterns, etc.

More background on what telehealth is and its benefits.

Telehealth can be synchronous, where the patient and provider interact in real-time, or asynchronous, where information is shared and reviewed at different times. Types of telehealth services include:

  • Synchronous Telehealth: Real-time interactions via video calls or phone calls.

  • Asynchronous Telehealth: Store-and-forward technology where data, images, or messages are sent and reviewed later.

  • Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM): Continuous monitoring of patients‘ health data using devices that send information to healthcare providers.

Advantages of Telehealth

Telehealth offers several advantages, especially in today’s fast-paced world. An AMA study found that medical practitioners who use telehealth the most were radiologists (39.5%), psychiatrists (27.8%), and cardiologists (24.1%). 

Convenience and accessibility

One of the most attractive things about telehealth is its convenience:

  • No Travel Required: You can have a consultation from the comfort of your home, office, or even while on vacation.

  • Flexible Scheduling: Appointments can be scheduled outside of traditional office hours, making it easier for those with busy schedules.

Cost-effectiveness

With insurance

Telehealth can be less expensive than in-person visits due to lower overhead costs for providers and no travel expenses for patients. 

Many insurance plans cover telehealth services, making it a more affordable option. 

If you are planning a telehealth appointment, ask your health plan if telehealth is covered and the copay or coinsurance amount. Your telehealth appointment may be through your in-network provider or a telehealth company your insurer contracts with.

Without insurance

If you don’t have health insurance, you can contact a telehealth company like AmWell, Teladoc, Doctor On Demand, or MD Live for a medical consultation and get a quote.

More access to specialists

  • Specialist Referrals: Telehealth makes it easier to get specialist consultations, especially for those living in rural or underserved areas (Gajarawala & Pelkowski, 2021).

  • Integrated Care: Health providers can seamlessly integrate telehealth into their healthcare systems, improving overall care coordination.

Mental health services

Telehealth has made mental health services more accessible, giving people access to counseling and therapy without the stigma of visiting a clinic (Harris, 2022).

Limitations of Telehealth

Lock octagon illustration

Despite its many benefits, telehealth also has its drawbacks. Here are some of the biggest limitations.

Technology barriers and connectivity issues

Lack of physical exams

  • Inability to Perform Comprehensive Exams: Some conditions require a physical examination that a health provider can’t do as well via telehealth (Saljoughian, 2021).

  • Potential for Misdiagnosis: Without the ability to perform a hands-on examination, there is a higher risk of misdiagnosis (Gajarawala & Pelkowski, 2021). For example, The Doctors Company said that nearly 70% of their telehealth-related claims have alleged diagnostic errors.

Privacy and security concerns

  • Data Security: While most telehealth platforms are encrypted, there is always a risk of data breaches or hacking (HHS, 2023).

  • Confidentiality: Ensuring privacy during a telehealth session can be challenging, especially if the patient is in a shared or public space (Houser et al., 2023).

When to Choose Telehealth

Elderly woman on Zoom with health provider

Telehealth is not suitable for every situation, but it excels in several areas.

Routine check-ups and consultations

  • Primary Care: Regular check-ups and follow-up appointments can be easily managed through telehealth.

  • Preventive Care: Screenings and preventive measures can often be discussed and managed remotely.

Mental health services

Telehealth provides a convenient and private way to receive mental health support like counseling and therapy.

Chronic disease management

People with chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension can manage them through regular telehealth consultations and RPM (Harris, 2022).

Minor acute conditions

Health providers can diagnose and treat conditions like colds, minor infections, and rashes via telehealth.

What is In-Person Care?

In-person care is the traditional model of healthcare where patients visit a clinic, hospital, or specialty center to receive medical attention. This type of care is essential for many medical conditions and treatments. In-person healthcare settings include:

  • Clinics: Primary care and specialized clinics offer a wide range of services.

  • Hospitals: For emergency care, surgeries, and complex treatments.

  • Specialty Centers: Focused on specific areas like cardiology, oncology, or orthopedics.

Advantages of In-Person Care

Doctor shows patient Rx

In-person care remains crucial for many reasons. In the same AMA study medical practitioners who use telehealth the least (in favor of in-person care) were obstetrician-gynecologists (9.3%), gastroenterologists (7.9%), and allergists/immunologists (6.1%). 

In-person care offers several unique benefits that are worth considering, as follows.

Comprehensive physical exams

  • Hands-On Assessment: Allows for thorough physical examinations, which are essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment (Saljoughian, 2021).

  • Immediate Diagnostic Tests: Access to lab tests, imaging, and other diagnostic procedures during the visit.

Face-to-face interaction and rapport 

  • Personal Connection: Face-to-face interactions help build trust and rapport between patients and healthcare providers.

  • Non-Verbal Cues: Providers can pick up on non-verbal cues that are easy to miss in virtual consultations.

Complex treatments and surgeries

  • Surgical Procedures: In-person care is necessary for any surgical intervention or complex medical procedures.

  • Emergency Care: Immediate, hands-on care is essential in emergencies.

Drawbacks of In-Person Care

While in-person care has its strengths, it also comes with several disadvantages.

People in waiting room wearing face masks

Longer wait times and scheduling difficulties

  • Appointment Delays: Patients often face long wait times for appointments and in waiting rooms.

  • Scheduling Conflicts: Finding a convenient time for both the patient and provider can be challenging.

Travel requirements and associated costs

Traveling to and from healthcare facilities can be time-consuming and costly, especially for those in rural areas (Harris, 2022).

Exposure to other patients and potential infections

Visiting a healthcare facility increases the risk of exposure to other illnesses, including infectious diseases (Saljoughian, 2021).

Time away from work or family obligations

In-person visits often require taking time off work or away from family responsibilities, resulting in lost productivity.

When to Opt for In-Person Care

Empty white hospital hallway

In-person care is indispensable in some situations, as follows.

Emergencies

Conditions like heart attacks, strokes, and severe injuries require immediate, hands-on medical attention.

Chronic or complex medical conditions

Conditions that require specialized treatment plans and hands-on management benefit from in-person care.

Diagnostic procedures and lab tests

You must complete certain tests and procedures, like blood work and imaging, in a healthcare facility for the most accurate diagnosis.

Hands-on treatments and therapies

Rehabilitation and physical therapy usually require direct interaction with healthcare providers.

Telehealth and in-person care each have their merits. Now, let’s explore how these two approaches can be combined.

Integrating Telehealth and In-Person Care

The future of healthcare likely lies in a hybrid model that combines the strengths of both telehealth and in-person care.

Woman getting a shot in her arm

Hybrid models of care

A blended approach that combines telehealth for routine check-ups and follow-ups with in-person visits can better address more complex needs.

Coordinating care between virtual and physical settings

Ensuring that patient information and care plans are consistent across both telehealth and in-person settings.

Using telehealth for follow-ups after in-person visits

Follow-up appointments can often be conducted via telehealth, saving time and resources.

Conclusion

To sum up the differences in a handy-dandy chart, look at this one from Mira.

Comparison chart - In person vs virtual care chart
Source: Mira (talktomira.com)

Virtual and in-person visits each have unique advantages and limitations. Telehealth offers convenience, cost savings, and improved access to care, especially for routine consultations and mental health services. However, it falls short in situations that require hands-on examinations and immediate medical interventions. 

In-person care remains essential for physical exams, complex treatments, and emergencies, but comes with the drawbacks of longer wait times, travel, and potential exposure to infections.

The best choice between telehealth and in-person care isn’t always black and white. It often depends on your specific health needs, preferences, and circumstances. When you understand the pros and cons of each approach, you can make more informed decisions about your healthcare.  

As technology continues to advance, the integration of telehealth and in-person care will likely become more innovative, sophisticated, and widespread. Remember, the goal is to find the right balance that ensures you receive the best possible care, whether it’s through a screen or in a doctor’s office.

References

Bean, K. (2023). In-Person Vs. Virtual Care: What’s The Difference & Which Is Best. Mira. Retrieved from https://www.talktomira.com/post/telehealth-vs-in-person-care-pros-and-cons

Feldman, D. L. (n.d.). Top Seven Tips for Telehealth. The Doctors Company. Retrieved from https://www.thedoctors.com/articles/top-seven-tips-for-telehealth/

Gajarawala, S. N., & Pelkowski, J. N. (2021). Telehealth Benefits and Barriers. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 17(2), 218-221. doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.09.013

Harris, A. (2022). Differences between telehealth vs. in-person care. Everlywell. Retrieved from  https://www.everlywell.com/blog/virtual-care/telehealth-vs-in-person-care/

Henderson, E. (2020). Telemedicine or in-person visit? Pros and cons. News Medical. Retrieved from https://www.news-medical.net/news/20201027/Telemedicine-or-in-person-visit-Pros-and-cons.aspx

Houser, S. H., Flite, C. A., & Foster, S. L. (2023). Privacy and Security Risk Factors Related to Telehealth Services – A Systematic Review. Perspectives in Health Information Management; 20(1). 

Robeznieks, A. (2019). Which medical specialties use telemedicine the most? American Medical Association (AMA). Retrieved from https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/digital/which-medical-specialties-use-telemedicine-most

Saljoughian, M. (2021). The Benefits and Limitations of Telehealth. U.S. Pharmacist. Retrieved from https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/the-benefits-and-limitations-of-telehealth

Telehealth Privacy and Security Tips for Patients. (2023). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Retrieved from  https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/guidance/telehealth-privacy-security/index.html