How to Prepare for Your Virtual Doctor Visit: A Complete Guide

How to Prepare for Your Virtual Doctor Visit: A Complete Guide

by Ree Health Tech

A virtual doctor visit is a convenient and effective way to receive medical care, making healthcare more accessible and efficient for everyone. From 2019 to 2024, the rate of online doctor visits worldwide more than doubled to over 116 million. 

Whether you’re a first-timer or you want to improve your virtual doctor visit experience, proper preparation is key. This guide will walk you through the steps to ensure your online appointment is as effective as – or even better than – an in-person visit.

Let’s start with some background about virtual doctor visits and their benefits.

Contents

Virtual Doctor Visit Overview

Woman in gold talking to doctor on laptop

What is a virtual doctor visit?

A virtual doctor visit, also known as telehealth or telemedicine, is a way to consult with your healthcare provider using technology like video calls, phone calls, or text messaging. 

Instead of going to a doctor’s office, you can talk to your doctor from the comfort of your home using your smartphone, tablet, or computer. 

This method is more popular since the COVID-19 pandemic, as it offers a convenient and safe way to receive medical care (Zulman & Verghese, 2021 & National Institute on Aging, n.d.). The Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey (with data from April 2021 through August 2022) found that (Lee, E. C. et al., 2023):

  • Telehealth use was lowest among people who are uninsured (9.4%), aged 18 to 24 (17.6%), and residents of the Midwest (18.7%).

  • Telehealth use was highest among those with Medicaid (28.3%) and Medicare (26.8%), those who are Black (26.1%), and those earning less than $25,000 (26.4%).

Benefits of telehealth appointments

Woman talking to doctor on her phone closeup

Telehealth appointments come with several advantages:

  • Convenience: You don’t have to travel to the doctor’s office or sit in a waiting room. You can have your appointment from anywhere, whether it’s in your home, office, or even your car during a lunch break (Hasselfeld, n.d. & bravo, 2022).

  • Saves Time: A virtual visit can save you more than an hour compared to an in-person visit (UnitedHealthcare, 2023). This is great for people with busy schedules or live far away from their doctors (bravo, 2022).

  • Cost-Effective: Virtual visits often cost less than in-person visits, especially when compared to urgent care or emergency room visits (Zulman & Verghese, 2021 & bravo, 2022).

  • Accessibility: Telehealth increases access to healthcare for people in rural areas or those with mobility issues. It also allows you to consult with specialists who may not be available in your local area (bravo, 2022 & HRSA, 2024).

  • Safety: Virtual visits help prevent the spread of infectious diseases by reducing the need for in-person interactions (Hasselfeld, n.d. & HRSA, 2024).

Common misconceptions about virtual consultations

Black woman talking to someone on laptop in sideview

Despite its benefits, there are several myths about virtual consultations:

  • “Telehealth is only for tech-savvy people.” Many people believe that you need to be tech-savvy to use telehealth services. However, most platforms are easy to use and designed to be accessible to everyone, including older adults (Solutionreach, n.d.).

  • “Virtual visits aren’t secure.” Security is a common concern, but reputable telehealth platforms are HIPAA-compliant and use advanced security measures to protect your privacy (Solutionreach, n.d.).

  • “Telehealth is a temporary solution.” While telehealth surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is here to stay. Many healthcare providers continue to offer virtual visits as a permanent option (Lee, C. 2023).

  • “I won’t get to choose my doctor.” Online health platforms let you review detailed profiles of multiple certified doctors. This allows you to choose a provider that fits your needs best, giving you more control over your healthcare (WeHealth, n.d.).

  • “It’s not covered on my insurance.” (WeHealth, n.d.). Many insurance plans now cover telehealth as it becomes more common. Healthcare providers are adapting to make virtual care accessible, recognizing its growing importance in delivering patient care.

When to choose a virtual doctor visit vs. in person

Taking blood pressure

Virtual doctor visits have a lot of conveniences. But there are certain times when it’s better to see the doctor in person, for (Henderson, 2023):

  • First-Time Visits: If it’s your first time seeing this doctor, you should see them. Face-to-face meetings help patients build trust and doctors assess both physical and emotional aspects.

  • Physical Exams: If you’ve noticed new or worsening symptoms, the doctor will need to see you in person to examine the affected areas of your body.

  • Serious Health Conditions: Unless they tell you otherwise, it’s better to go to your doctor’s office for your health appointments. 

After you establish a relationship with this doctor, telehealth can be useful for follow-ups.

Now that you understand the basics, let’s set up your tech for a smooth virtual visit experience.

Technical Preparations

Ensure a stable internet connection

A stable internet connection is crucial for a successful virtual doctor visit. Here are some tips:

  • Check Your Internet Speed: Use a speed test to ensure your internet connection is fast enough for video calls. 

    Note that if you live in a rural area or anywhere your internet service is often unstable, you can also (HRSA, 2024):
  • Use a Wired Connection: If possible, use an Ethernet cable instead of Wi-Fi for a more stable connection.

  • Close Unnecessary Items: Close any apps or browser tabs that might be using internet bandwidth.

Test your device’s camera and microphone

Female doctor waving to female patient on Zoom

Before your appointment, test your device’s camera and microphone to make sure they are working:

  • Check Settings: Go to your device’s settings to ensure the camera and microphone are enabled.

  • Use Headphones: Using headphones with a built-in microphone can improve sound quality and reduce background noise.

  • Do a Test Call: Make a test call with a friend or family member to check the audio and video quality.

Get familiar with the required software or app

Your healthcare provider will use a specific telehealth platform or app for the virtual visit that you may not be familiar with. To save yourself some frustration do these tasks well in advance of your virtual visit:

  • Download in Advance: Download the required software or app well before your appointment.

  • Create an Account: If necessary, create an account and log in to familiarize yourself with the platform.

  • Explore Features: Take some time to explore the features, such as how to join a call, mute/unmute yourself, and turn the camera on/off.

With your tech ready, it’s time to collect important medical information for your appointment.

Gather Your Medical Information

Flatlay of small medical items

Update your medical history

The doctor may ask you about your medical history, or ask you to fill out a form to collect it. Be sure to include:

  • List Past Conditions: Note all your past medical conditions, surgeries, and hospital stays.

  • Your Family History: Include any relevant family medical history, such as chronic illnesses or genetic conditions.

List current medications and dosages

Pills and capsules (pink white and tan)

Make a list of all the medications you’re taking, including:

  • Prescription Medications: Write the name, dosage, and frequency for each prescription.

  • Over-the-Counter Medications: Don’t forget to list any over-the-counter (OTC) medications, supplements, or vitamins you’re taking, and any you’re thinking about starting.

  • Recent Changes: Note any recent changes in your medications or dosages.

Note any recent changes in your health

Keep track of any new symptoms or changes in your health:

  • New Symptoms: Note any new or worsening symptoms, such as pain, fatigue, or changes in appetite.

  • Measurements: If applicable, record any recent measurements like blood pressure, weight, or blood sugar levels.

Prepare questions for your doctor

Make a list of questions and have it ready to help you get the most out of your appointment, such as:

  • Symptoms: Ask about any symptoms or concerns you have.

  • Treatment Options: Inquire about treatment options, side effects, and alternatives.

  • Follow-Up: Ask about the next steps and any follow-up appointments or tests.

Next, we’ll create the right environment for a successful virtual visit. 

Setting Up Your Space

Redhead with airpods and green wall

For the best virtual visit experience, make sure your environment is prime and ready to go.

Choose a private area for your appointment

Select the right environment for your virtual visit is essential to minimize interruptions and maintain privacy:

  • Choosing the Right Space: Select a quiet and private room where you can close the door and you won’t be disturbed.

  • Inform Household Members: Let others in your household know about your appointment to avoid disturbances.
  • Minimize Background Noise: Close windows and doors, and turn off any noisy appliances.

  • Ensure Good Lighting:
    • Natural Light: Natural light is best so the doctor can see you clearly. Position yourself facing a window if possible.

    • Artificial Light: If not, use a lamp if natural light is not available. Avoid backlighting (light shining from behind you), which can make it hard for your doctor to see you.

Keep water, pen and paper nearby 

Taking notes during your appointment can help you remember important information. And having water nearby can be helpful in case you get warm or have to cough during the call:

  • Stay Hydrated: Drinking water can help keep your throat clear and prevent coughing.

  • Comfort: Having water on hand can make you feel more comfortable during the call.

Log on before your appointment time

Being on time for your appointment shows respect for your doctor’s schedule. To ensure a smooth virtual check-in:

  • Check Your Connection: Ensure your internet connection is stable and your device is ready.

  • Log In Early: Try to log in at least 10 minutes before your appointment time in case of  any technical issues.

OK, you’re ready! You’re logged in and seated in a quiet, well-lit room with your water, pen, medical history, prescriptions, and questions. Let’s go!

During the Virtual Visit

Doctor with teal scrubs and patient virtual meeting

Now, let’s go through what to do during your virtual doctor appointment.

Speak clearly and concisely

Clear communication is essential for a successful virtual visit (Coleman, 2020):

  • Speak Slowly: Speak slowly and clearly to ensure your doctor understands you.

  • Be Concise: Try not to ramble. Get to the point quickly to make the most of your appointment time.

  • Ask Questions: Don’t be afraid to ask your doctor about anything you need to know or don’t understand.

Show any visible symptoms to the camera 

If you have visible symptoms, such as a rash or swelling, adjust your camera angle to clearly show the affected area.

Take notes on doctor’s advice and next steps

Taking notes can help you remember important information:

  • Write Down Instructions: Note any instructions or advice from your doctor, and confirm it with them.

  • List Follow-Up Actions: Record any follow-up actions, such as scheduling tests or appointments.

Confirm how to fill your prescriptions

Multi colored pills illustration

Be sure you know how and when to get your prescriptions after a virtual visit:

  • Pharmacy Information: Make sure your doctor has the correct pharmacy information.

  • E-Prescriptions: Your doctor may send an e-prescription to your pharmacy.

Finally, let’s discuss what to do after your virtual visit.

Follow-Up Actions

Redhead writing notes with green wall

Schedule follow-up appointments and access your medical records online

Follow-up appointments are often necessary for ongoing care. Your virtual doctor visit may be shorter than an in-person visit. Before you go, don’t forget to schedule your follow-up appointment if needed, and learn how to access your records online.

  • Contact Information: Label your doctor’s contact information in your phone so it’s there when you need to call them.

  • Patient Portal: Most healthcare providers offer a patient portal where you can access your visit summary and medical records. You can also schedule follow-up appointments there as an alternative to a call.

  • Download Records: Download and save important documents for your records.

Conclusion

Virtual doctor visits offer a convenient way to receive medical care, and with the right preparation, are just as effective as in-person appointments. By ensuring a stable internet connection, testing your device, gathering your medical information, and setting up a suitable space, you can make the most of your telehealth visit.

Don’t hesitate to ask questions and get clarification during your virtual doctor visit. Remember to communicate clearly, take notes, and follow up on any actions they recommend. With practice, you’ll find that telehealth can be a valuable tool to manage your health and wellness.

Do you prefer to use telehealth services or see your doctor in person? Why?

References

5 Common Misconceptions about Telehealth: What Research Has to Say. (n.d.). Solutionreach. Retrieved from https://www.solutionreach.com/blog/10-misconceptions-about-telehealth-and-what-research-has-to-say-about-it

Coleman, C. (2020. Health Literacy and Clear Communication Best Practices for Telemedicine. Health Literacy Research and Practice;4(4):e224-e229. doi:10.3928/24748307-20200924-01.

Hasselfeld, B. W. (n.d.). Benefits of Telemedicine. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/benefits-of-telemedicine

Henderson, E. (2023). Virtual or in person: Which kind of doctor’s visit is better, and when it matters. (2023). News Medical. Retrieved from https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230306/Virtual-or-in-person-Which-kind-of-doctore28099s-visit-is-better-and-when-it-matters.aspx

How do virtual visits work? (2023). UnitedHealthcare. Retrieved from https://www.uhc.com/news-articles/benefits-and-coverage/virtual-visits

Lee, C. (2023). Common Misconceptions About Working in Telemedicine. Retrieved from https://openloophealth.com/blog/common-misconceptions-about-working-in-telemedicine

Lee, E. C., Grigorescu, V. Enogieru, I., Smith, S. R. Samson, L. W., Conmy, A. B. , & De Lew, N. (2023). Updated National Survey Trends in Telehealth Utilization and Modality (2021-2022). Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE). Retrieved from  https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/7d6b4989431f4c70144f209622975116/household-pulse-survey-telehealth-covid-ib.pdf

Robeznieks, A. (2023). How telehealth’s future came into clearer view in 2023. American Medical Association (AMA). Retrieved from https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/digital/how-telehealth-s-future-came-clearer-view-2023

Stewart, C. (2024). Telemedicine – statistics and facts. Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/topics/12106/telemedicine/

Telehealth: What Is It, How to Prepare, Is it Covered? (n.d.). National Institute on Aging. Retrieved from https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/medical-care-and-appointments/telehealth-what-it-how-prepare-it-covered

Telehealth for rural areas. (2024). Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA). Retrieved from https://telehealth.hhs.gov/providers/best-practice-guides/telehealth-for-rural-areas/access-to-internet-and-other-telehealth-resources

The Pros and Cons of Virtual Care. (2022). bravo. Retrieved from https://www.bravowell.com/resources/the-benefits-of-virtual-healthcare

Top 10 Telemedicine Myths. (n.d.). WeHealth Retrieved from https://wehealth.nyc/top-10-telemedicine-myths/

Why use telehealth? (2024). Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA). Retrieved from https://telehealth.hhs.gov/patients/why-use-telehealth

Zulman, D. M., & Verghese, A. (2021). Virtual Care, Telemedicine Visits, and Real Connection in the Era of COVID-19: Unforeseen Opportunity in the Face of Adversity. JAMA; 325(5), 437–438. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.27304 

AI in Clinical Trials: Improving Drug Development and Patient Care

AI in Clinical Trials: Improving Drug Development and Patient Care

by Ree AI Health Tech Med Tech

The landscape of clinical trials is quickly evolving, with artificial intelligence (AI) playing an increasingly pivotal role. The number of AI-driven firms specializing in drug discovery and development has grown from 62 in 2011 (Sokolova, 2023) to 400 firms in 2022.

This shift is not just about cutting-edge technology; it’s about improving lives and bringing new treatments to patients faster than ever before. Let’s dive in and see how AI in clinical trials works in healthcare.

Contents

The Current State of AI in Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are the most robust way to show the safety and effectiveness of a treatment or clinical approach, and provide evidence to guide medical practice and health policy. Unfortunately, they have a high failure rate.

Current clinical trials are complex, labor-intensive, expensive, and may involve errors and biases (Zhang et al., 2023). They often start late in the drug development cycle. Only around 10% of drugs entering the clinical trial stage get approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [Mai et al., 2023]. 

Key areas where AI is used in clinical trials include:

  • Patient recruitment and retention
  • Trial design and protocol optimization
  • Data management and analysis
  • Safety monitoring and detection of adverse drug reactions (ADRs)
  • Drug discovery and development

According to McKinsey, AI adoption could boost up to $25 billion into clinical development within the pharmaceutical industry, with the potential to a total gain of $110 billion (Bhavik et al., 2024).

Beyond recruitment, AI is also revolutionizing how clinical trials are designed and conducted.

Improving Patient Engagement with AI 

Doctor and patient POCs

Traditional clinical trial methods often face challenges like slow patient recruitment, high dropout rates, and inefficient data analysis. AI is helping to address these issues by providing faster, more accurate, and more personalized solutions (Hutson, 2024). 

Patient Recruitment

Traditional clinical trials have an average 30% dropout rate due to inconvenience, complex protocols, and lack of support (Clinical Trials Arena, 2024). Another big hurdle in clinical trials is finding the right patients, in part due to (Atieh & Domanska, 2024):

  • Lack of eligible participants
  • Inadequate patient awareness
  • Limited locations 

AI is changing the game by:

  • Analyzing electronic health records (EHRs) to identify suitable candidates
  • Using predictive analytics to improve patient retention rates
  • Creating personalized communication strategies to keep patients engaged

For example, AI algorithms can sift through huge amounts of patient data to find those who meet specific trial criteria. Clinical trial matching systems or services use natural language processing (NLP) tools that learn clinical trial protocols and patient data. This process makes recruitment faster, and helps ensure a more diverse and representative patient population (Zhang et al., 2023).

Patient Retention

The majority of clinical trials have participants who drop out. AI can improve retention by (Mai et al., 2023):

  • Identifying factors associated with a high risk of dropping out
  • Predicting the probability that a participant will drop out

AI-powered chatbots are also playing a crucial role in maintaining continuous communication with trial participants by:

  • Providing support 
  • Sending reminders (via AI-assisted apps) [Clinical Trials Arena, 2024]
  • Tracking progress
  • Responding to various events and milestones during the trial 

This personalized engagement can help foster a positive patient experience and build trust, which is crucial for patient retention (Jackson, 2024).

Enhanced Trial Design with Digital Health Technologies (DHTs)

Two researchers looking at a Mac

Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) can incorporate DHTs to streamline trial design, and expand where to conduct them. 

DHTs aren’t just wearable trackers. It’s possible to implant, swallow, or insert many DHTs into the body. Placing DHTs in a particular setting with real-time data capture from trial participants in their homes and other locations makes it more convenient for them. It also gives clinicians insights on patient health status and healthcare delivery (U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 2024).

As trial designs become more sophisticated, AI can simplify managing and analyzing the resulting data.

AI can make clinical trials more efficient and effective:

  • AI-assisted trial design helps researchers create more robust study protocols
  • Adaptive trial designs use real-time data analysis to make adjustments on the fly
  • Machine learning optimizes inclusion and exclusion criteria for diverse patient selection

These AI-powered approaches can lead to faster, more cost-effective trials with higher success rates.

Data Management and Analysis in Clinical Trials with AI

Group of 4 researchers in a meeting

With decentralized clinical trials, teams must collect data from different sources including (Informatica):

  • Various types of EHRs
  • Data from providers and medical facilities
  • Wireless medical devices that may exist in professional settings or patients’ homes.

In the age of big data, AI is an invaluable tool for managing and analyzing the vast amounts of information generated during clinical trials:

  • AI systems can process and integrate data from multiple sources
  • Real-time data monitoring ensures quality control throughout the trial
  • AI-driven insights enable faster decision-making for researchers and clinicians

By harnessing the power of AI, researchers can uncover patterns and insights that might otherwise go unnoticed. For instance, AI can extract data from unstructured reports, annotate images or lab results, add missing data points, and identify subgroups among a population that responds uniquely to a treatment (Clinical Trials Arena, 2024).

Improving Safety Monitoring and Adverse Event Detection

Monitor attached to back of a woman's left shoulder

Patient safety is paramount in clinical trials. AI is enhancing pharmacovigilance (drug safety) efforts by:

  • Using algorithms for early detection of adverse events
  • Creating predictive models to assess patient safety risks
  • Automating safety signal detection and analysis

These AI-powered tools can help researchers identify potential safety issues faster and more accurately than traditional methods.

While efficient data management is crucial, ensuring patient safety remains paramount in clinical trials.

Accelerating Drug Discovery and Development

Researcher looking at microcope with several vials in foreground

The typical amount of time to launch a new drug is 10 to 12 years. The clinical trial stage itself averages five to seven years (Shah-Neville, 2024).

The estimated cost of launching a new drug is roughly $2.6 billion. Delays in time to market make drug development expensive.

AI isn’t just changing how we conduct clinical trials – it’s also speeding up the entire drug development process:

  • AI assists in target identification and validation for new drugs
  • Machine learning predicts drug efficacy and toxicity
  • AI-powered simulations reduce time and costs in the development pipeline

By leveraging AI, pharmaceutical companies can bring new treatments to patients faster and more efficiently.

As we embrace AI’s potential, we must also address the ethical and regulatory challenges it presents.

Ethical Considerations and Regulatory Challenges

Doctor and patient hands on desk 2

As with any new technology, AI can return inaccurate data or misinterpret nuances in informed consent documents or clinical trial protocols, emphasizing the need for human review (Nonnemacher, 2024).

The use of AI in clinical trials also raises important ethical and regulatory questions:

  • How do we ensure data privacy and security in AI-driven trials?
  • What steps can we take to address bias in AI algorithms and datasets?
  • How should regulatory frameworks evolve to accommodate AI integration in clinical research?

These are complex issues that require ongoing dialogue between researchers, ethicists, regulators, and patients as described in other AI health articles I’ve covered.

As AI technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more innovative applications in clinical research. 

The Future of AI in Clinical Trials

Group of researchers in a clinical trial

What does the future hold for AI in clinical trials? Some exciting possibilities include:

  • Virtual clinical trials that reduce the need for in-person visits
  • AI systems that collaborate with human researchers to design better studies
  • Precision medicine approaches tailored to individual patients based on AI analysis

Industry experts predict continued growth in AI adoption, with a focus on identifying the most beneficial areas for AI implementation in clinical trials (Studna, 2024).

Conclusion

AI is proving to be an invaluable tool in the clinical research toolkit, offering new ways to streamline processes, improve patient experiences, and accelerate drug development. 

But AI is not a magic solution; it’s a powerful assistant that works best when combined with human expertise and ethical considerations. 

The synergy between AI and clinical trials holds immense promise for advancing medical research, developing more effective treatments, and ultimately, improving patient outcomes. The journey of AI in clinical trials is just beginning, and the potential for positive impact on global health is boundless. 

What do you think about the role of AI in clinical trials? Are you optimistic about its potential to improve patient care?

References

Atieh, D. & Domanska, O. (2024). Finding the right patients for the right treatment with AI. Avenga. Retrieved from https://www.avenga.com/magazine/how-ai-advances-patient-recruitment-in-clinical-trials

Bhavik Shah, B., Bleys, J., Viswa, C.A., Zurkiya, D., & Eoin Leydon, E. (2024). Generative AI in the pharmaceutical industry: Moving from hype to reality. McKinsey. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/life-sciences/our-insights/generative-ai-in-the-pharmaceutical-industry-moving-from-hype-to-reality

How AI data management can transform your clinical trial. Clinical Trials Arena. 

Retrieved from https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/sponsored/how-ai-data-management-can-transform-your-clinical-trial/

Hutson, M. (2024). How AI in being used to accelerate clinical trials. Nature; 627(S2-S5). doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-00753-x

Informatica. (n.d.) Using AI and Data Management to De-Risk Decentralized Clinical Trials. Retrieved from https://www.informatica.com/resources/articles/ai-data-management-decentralized-clinical-trials.html

Jackson, R. (2024). 3 Areas Where AI Could Revolutionize Patient Recruitment and Retention. Clinical Leader. Retrieved from  https://www.clinicalleader.com/doc/areas-where-ai-could-revolutionize-patient-recruitment-and-retention-0001

Mai, B., Roman, R., & Suarez, A. (2023). Forward Thinking for the Integration of AI into Clinical Trials. Clinical Researcher; 37(3). Retrieved from  https://acrpnet.org/2023/06/forward-thinking-for-the-integration-of-ai-into-clinical-trials

Nonnemacher, H. (2024). Two years of AI learning: Streamlining clinical trials today for future advancements. Suvoda. Retrieved from https://www.suvoda.com/insights/blog/two-years-of-ai-learning

President’s Cancer Panel. (2018). Part 1: The Rising Cost of Cancer Drugs: Impact on Patients and Society. Retrieved from https://prescancerpanel.cancer.gov/report/drugvalue/Part1.html

Sha-Neville, W. (2024). How AI is shaping clinical research and trials. Labiotech. Retrieved from  https://www.labiotech.eu/in-depth/ai-clinical-research

Sokolova, S. (2023). 12 Notable AI-powered Biotech Companies Founded in 2021. BioPharmaTrend. Retrieved from https://www.biopharmatrend.com/post/500-10-notable-ai-powered-biotech-companies-founded-in-2021

Studna, A. (2024). Future Use of Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Trials. Applied Clinical Trials. 

Retrieved from https://www.appliedclinicaltrialsonline.com/view/future-artificial-intelligence-clinical-trials

U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (2024). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Trial Design and Research with Dr. ElZarrad. Retrieved from

https://www.fda.gov/drugs/news-events-human-drugs/role-artificial-intelligence-clinical-trial-design-and-research-dr-elzarrad

Zhang, B., Zhang, L., Chen, Q., Jin, Z., Liu, S., & Zhang, S. (2023). Harnessing artificial intelligence to improve clinical trial design. Communications Medicine, 3(1), 1-3. doi.org/10.1038/s43856-023-00425-3